Soil Phosphorus Tests and Transformation Analysis to Quantify Plant Availability: A Review

Zhang, T.Q.

doi:10.5772/29904

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 100 publications

(136 reference statements)

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“…Although soil FeO‐P had a lower coefficient of determination ( r 2 = 0.57, P < 0.001) than soil WEP and CaCl 2 –P as predictors of leachate DRP, it had a great advantage of segregating the “low risk” soils below the change point from the “high risk” ones above. The soil FeO‐P test, one of the ion sink extractions, has been developed to simulate plant roots extracting available P from soils irrespective of soil characteristics (Zheng and Zhang, 2012). In mineral soils, the FeO‐P test was successfully used to evaluate plant availability of P and to predict P availability to algae in an aquatic environment (Menon et al, 1996).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our previous studies also indicated that Olsen P was least effective as a predictor of leachate DRP from mineral soils among the six soil P tests evaluated (Wang et al, 2012). Olsen P is a soil measure favorable to indicate plant‐available P in calcareous soils (Zheng and Zhang, 2012). In this study, however, 38 of the 44 organic soils were in the slightly acidic to neutral range (pH < 7.5).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This might be attributable to the differences in pH and ionic strength between agronomic P tests and environmental P tests. The three agronomic P tests are either more acidic or alkaline than the soil solution, while the three environmental P tests have a similar ionic strength to the soil solution by using analogous water or dilute salt extractions or by simulating the action of plant roots as an ion sink (FeO‐impregnated filter strip) (Menon et al, 1996; Zheng and Zhang, 2012). The fact of no differences in R 2 before and after integrating soil pH, OM, and/or clay content into the multiple regressions of leachate DRP against soil WEP, CaCl 2 –P, and FeO‐P also suggests that environmental P tests are generally less site specific and more durable than agronomic P tests to approximate P leaching from organic soils by soil testing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Approximating Phosphorus Leaching from Agricultural Organic Soils by Soil Testing

et al. 2015

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Phosphorus applied to soils in excess of crop requirement could create situations favorable to P enrichment in subsurface flow that contributes to eutrophication of surface water. This pathway of P loss can be more severe in muck (i.e., organic) soils where agricultural production is intensive. This study evaluated the suitability of various environmental and agronomic soil P tests initially designed for mineral soils to predict dissolved reactive P (DRP) in subsurface flow from organic soils. Intact soil columns were collected from 44 muck soils in Ontario to provide a wide range of soil test P levels. A lysimeter leaching study was conducted by evenly adding water in an amount equivalent to 5 mm of rainfall. The leachate DRP concentration was linearly related to soil water-extractable P and CaCl-extractable P with values of 0.90 and 0.93, respectively, and to Bray-1 P and FeO-impregnated filter paper extractable P in a split-line model with a change point. Mehlich-3 P and Olsen P, a method recommended for agronomic P calibration in Ontario, were not related to leachate DRP concentration. All P sorption index (PSI) based degree of P saturation (DPS) values were closely related to leachate DRP in split-line models, with the DPS indices expressed as Bray-1 P/PSI and FeO-P/PSI having the highest correlation with leachate DRP concentration. Because it is desirable from practical and economic standpoints that the environmental risk assessment shares the same soil test with agronomic P calibration, the two PSI-based DPS indices as presented can be considered as environmental risk indicators of DRP subsurface loss from organic soils.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Approximating Phosphorus Leaching from Agricultural Organic Soils by Soil Testing

et al. 2015

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“…Zheng and Zhang (2012) found that soil texture and particle size distribution strongly influenced soil P fractions. The authors claimed the strong impact was due to the influence on the microbial Table 4.…”

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confidence: 98%

A comparison of 14 soil phosphorus extraction methods applied to 50 agricultural soils from Central Europe

Wuenscher

Unterfrauner²,

Peticzka

et al. 2015

Plant Soil Environ.

161

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Phosphorus (P) is a central element to life on Earth. Living organisms are dependent on a persistent supply of P as it is crucially involved in most major metabolic processes, e.g. in energy transfer as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Likewise, plants rely on P to secure energy production in photosynthesis (Smil 2000, Ruttenberg 2009). Therefore, the fundamental significance of P in agriculture and food production is beyond question.In nature, we can identify several P pools (Smil 2000, Ruttenberg 2009). The largest P reservoir in the lithosphere occurs in marine and freshwater sediments (about 800-4000 × 10 6 Mt P). The entire phytomass (terrestrial and marine; about 570-625 Mt P) amounts to over 90% of P stored in the totality of all living organisms. Gaseous compounds of P are not stable; therefore, only an insignificant amount (0.028 Mt P) exists in the atmosphere as dust and sea spray picked up by wind erosion. The flows of P between these reservoirs are slow (one cycle may take more than 1 million years), which is caused by the low solubility of phosphate in water and the lack of an airborne reservoir.In soils, P derives mainly from weathering of the primary mineral apatite (Schlesinger 1997). The average total P in soils ranges from 200 mg/kg (in older/highly weathered soils) to 800 mg/kg (in younger/less developed soils) (Cross and ABSTRACTPhosphorus (P) fertilization is commonly based on soil testing, for which a variety of different soil P extraction methods are in use. The aim of this study was to compare 14 soil P extraction methods in terms of their extraction yield and their relation to soil properties. Fifty contrasting agricultural topsoils were sampled from Austria and Germany. The soils were extracted with the following methods/extractants: H 2 O, CaCl 2 , LiCl, Olsen, Bray and Kurtz II (Bray II), Mehlich 3, calcium-acetate-lactate (CAL), iron oxide impregnated filter papers (Fe-oxide P i ), cation and anion exchange membranes (CAEM), acid ammonium oxalate, citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite, HCl, organic P and total P. The extracted P varied over three orders of magnitude and increased in the order H 2 O < CaCl 2 < LiCl < Fe-oxide P i < Olsen < CAL < CAEM < Mehlich 3 < Bray II < dithionite < organic P < HCl < oxalate < total P. This sequence is in accordance with previous studies and reflects different extraction mechanisms and P pools. The different extraction methods were generally well correlated, especially when P extraction was achieved by a similar mechanism. The soil properties most influential on P extractability were pH, carbonate content, texture as well as iron oxide content and crystallinity. Our results show that the different extraction methods extract distinct pools of soil P with strongly varying extractability, and that the extractability of a given pool may be influenced by different soil properties to different extents. If and how these relationships translate to plant P uptake requires further examination.

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“…Menon et al (1988) claimed that Fe-oxide P i was an accurate method to determine plant-available P and that it was very independent of soil properties and applied fertilizer. However, Zheng and Zhang (2012) noted that some inconsistent results were observed deriving from the preparation of the impregnated filter paper. Depending on the type of filter papers, the Fe-oxides may distribute inhomogeneously resulting in irreproducible amounts of extracted P.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of extractable soil phosphorus (P) with plant P uptake: 14 extraction methods applied to 50 agricultural soils from Central Europe

Zehetner¹,

Wuenscher²,

Peticzka³

et al. 2018

Plant Soil Environ.

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The aim of this study was to test different soil phosphorus (P) extraction methods in relation to plant P uptake. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted with spring wheat. The soils were extracted with the following methods/extractants: H2O, CaCl2, LiCl, iron oxide impregnated filter papers (Fe-oxide Pi), Olsen, calcium-acetate-lactate (CAL), cation and anion exchange membranes (CAEM), Mehlich 3, Bray and Kurtz II (Bray II), citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite, organic P, HCl, acid ammonium oxalate, total P. Plant P uptake was in the range of the P extracted by neutral salt solutions (CaCl2, LiCl). P extracted with H2O, CaCl2 and CAEM correlated best with plant P uptake over one growing season, while several established soil P test methods, including CAL, Mehlich 3 and Bray II, did not show significant correlations. When grouping the soils according to pH, the weaker extraction methods (H2O, CaCl2, LiCl) showed significant correlations with plant P uptake only for the low and intermediate pH groups (pH in 1 mol/L KCl ≤ 6.6), while some of the stronger extraction methods (CAL, Mehlich 3, Bray II, dithionite, oxalate, total P) showed significant correlations only for the high pH group (> 6.6) comprised of calcareous soils. It was concluded that weaker P extraction methods, especially neutral salt solutions best predict plant-available P in the short term. However, they do not perform well for calcareous (and clayey) soils and do not account for P that may become available beyond one growing season.

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Soil Phosphorus Tests and Transformation Analysis to Quantify Plant Availability: A Review

Cited by 15 publications

References 100 publications

Approximating Phosphorus Leaching from Agricultural Organic Soils by Soil Testing

Approximating Phosphorus Leaching from Agricultural Organic Soils by Soil Testing

A comparison of 14 soil phosphorus extraction methods applied to 50 agricultural soils from Central Europe

Correlation of extractable soil phosphorus (P) with plant P uptake: 14 extraction methods applied to 50 agricultural soils from Central Europe

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