Soil phosphorus saturation degree: Review of some indices and their suitability for P management in Québec, Canada

Leclerc, M. L., Nolin, M. C., Cluis, D. and Simard, R. R. 2001. Grouping soils of the Montreal Lowlands (Quebec) according to fertility and P sorption and desorption characteristics. Can. J. Soil Sci. 81: 71-83. Soil tests P (STP) developed to estimate P fertilizer needs and designed to produce optimal economic crop yields, are often not well suited to assess potential environmental impact of fertilization practices. The objective of this study was to develop interpretative soil groupings of the Montreal Lowlands area (MLA) based on soil physico-chemical properties and on soil P sorption and desorption characteristics. Soil P sorption and desorption characteristics together with STP may help in evaluating potential risks of soil P addition. Sixty-six soil types (phases of soil series based on surface texture) were selected as representative soils of the study area. Twenty-seven soil properties were used, including Mehlich-3 extractable P and Al, ammonium-oxalate extractable P, Fe and Al, P sorption index (Psi) and Bray-2 extractable P (BR2P). Multivariate analysis was applied to generate clusters and interpret soil groupings. Principal components analysis yielded two components related: (1) to soil inherent fertility (texture) and (2) to P sorption capacity and desorption intensity. The Ward's clustering method was then applied to the first two component scores. Five soil fertility groups were obtained. Multiple discriminant analysis proposed a classification model using a small subset of variables. Five variables were selected among the soil survey characteristics for discriminating soil groups: clay content, pH measurement in water, cation exchange capacity, BR2P and ammonium-acetate extractable Mg. Adding Psi in the model improved the classification correctness. The results of this study indicate that physico-chemical properties of the surface layer used together with soil P sorptiondesorption characteristics contributed to the development of an interpretative grouping that may also be useful to assess vulnerability to water contamination by P. Les indicateurs du contenu en P disponible dans le sol, utilisés pour évaluer les besoins en fertilisants P et designés pour produire un rendement optimal des cultures, sont souvent mal adaptés pour évaluer l'impact environnemental potentiel des pratiques de fertilisation. L'objectif de cette étude était de développer un groupement interprétatif de sols de la plaine de Montréal basé sur les caractéristiques reliées au P ainsi que sur les propriétés physico-chimiques de ces sols. Les caractéristiques de sorption et de désorption du P ajoutées aux indicateurs du contenu en P disponible pourraient aider à évaluer le risque potentiel de l'ajout de P dans le sol. Soixante-six types de sols (phases de séries de sols basées sur la texture de surface) ont été sélectionnés pour représenter les sols de la région étudiée. Vingt-sept indicateurs de sol été utilisés tels que les éléments P et Al extractibles au Mehlich-3, les éléments P, Fe et Al extraits à l'oxalate d'ammonium, un...

Section: Soil P Sorption Capacity and Desorption Intensity Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Grouping soils of the Montreal Lowlands (Quebec) according to fertility and P sorption and desorption characteristics

Leclerc¹,

Nolin²,

Cluis³

et al. 2001

“…Khiari et al (2000) proposed a provisional (P/Al) M-III environmental limit of 0.15 in Quebec podzolized coarsetextured soils,. The M-III ratio concept must be expanded to include a larger spectrum of textural classes and types of soil, especially fine-textured soils and gleyed soils, since soil grouping may improve risk assessment of water contamination by P (Beauchemin and Simard 1999;Leclerc et al 2001). In particular, to what extent similar values of the (P/Al) M-III ratio provide similar environmental risk assessment across texture, genesis, or pH classes must be elucidated before properly interpreting the results of the M-III soil test for risk assessment of P accumulation in mineral soils.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Mehlich-III soil phosphorus saturation indices for Quebec acid to near neutral mineral soils varying in texture and genesis

Pellerin¹,

Parent

Fortin³

et al. 2006

(Mehlich 1984) is a multinutrient agri-environmental routine soil-testing procedure used in many jurisdictions in North America, but one that is affected by soil texture. The P W determined by the Sissingh (1971) method is an index of surface water contamination and desorbed P that is not influenced by soil texture and that can be used to define specific M-III critical environmental indices by soil texture group. Our objective was to define critical environmental indices by relating (P/Al) M-III to P W . We analyzed 275 soil samples from surface, and 175 from subsurface layers, varying in genesis, texture, and pH. The relationship between P W and (P/Al) M-III was influenced by soil properties, particularly soil texture and genesis. Fine-textured (> 300 g clay kg -1 ) and gleyed soils tended to release more P W at a given (P/Al) M-III compared with coarse-textured (≤ 300 g clay kg -1 ) and podzolized soils. Using a critical value of 9.7 mg P W L -1 derived from the literature, critical environmental (P/Al) M-III ratios were found to be 0.131 for coarse-, and 0.076 for fine-textured soils. Subsurface P W increased significantly with (P/Al) M-III above 0.131 in the plough layer of coarse-textured soils, but was independent of (P/Al) M-III in fine-textured soils, indicating contrasting mechanisms of P accumulation in subsurface layers (matrix vs. preferential flow). After accounting for soil texture, (P/Al) M-III appeared to be a useful index of P accumulation in Quebec mineral soils. est largement utilisée en Amérique du Nord, mais est sensible à la texture du sol. Le P W (Sissingh 1971), un indice de la désorption du P et de contamination des eaux de surface, n'est pas affecté par la texture et permettrait donc de définir des valeurs critiques environnementales M-III spécifiques à la texture. Notre objectif était de définir ces valeurs critiques (P/Al) M-III en lien avec le P W . Nous avons analysé 275 échantillons de sol de surface et 175 dans la couche sous-jacente. La relation P W -(P/Al) M-III dépendait des propriétés du sol comme la texture et la genèse. Pour un même rapport (P/Al) M-III , les sols de texture fine (> 300 g d'argile kg -1 ) et gléifiés tendaient à libérer plus de P W que les sols à texture grossière (≤ 300 g d'argile kg -1 ) et podzolisés. Utilisant une valeur critique de 9,7 mg P W L -1 tirée de la littérature, les rapports (P/Al) M-III critiques étaient de 0,131 pour les sols de texture grossière et 0,076 pour ceux de texture fine. La valeur P W dans les couches sous-jacentes augmentait significativement dans les sols de surface de texture grossière avec (P/Al) M-III > 0,131, mais était indépendante de (P/Al) M-III dans les sols de texture fine, 7113 This paper is part of a Ph.D. thesis. 4 To whom correspondence should be addressed (e-mail: leon-etienne.parent@sga.ulaval.ca).Abbreviations: ␣ m , maximum saturation factor for total sorption; ␤ m , maximum saturation factor for reversible adsorption; b, Langmuir phosphorus adsorption maximum; DPS, degree of phosphate saturation; ICP, induct...

“…The measured values were well below critical thresholds of 20% for Mehlich-3 P/Al and 25% for P ox /(Al ox + Fe ox ), above which environmental risks would be high (Beauchemin and Simard 1999). This means that the risk of high P discharge into surface waters at concentrations greater than the provincial quality standard of 0.03 mg L -1 would be low unless particular management practices occur in association with specific weather conditions (e.g., preferential flow, storm flow) (Beauchemin et al 2003).…”

Section: Soil Composition At Harvestmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The P content in the extracts was determined by colorimetry using the molybdate reaction, whereas the other elements were determined by flame emission (K) or atomic absorption spectrometry (Perkin Elmer 3300, Überlingen, Germany). The degree of soil P saturation was calculated as P/Al Mehlich-3 (concentrations in mg kg -1 ) or the ratio of P ox /(Al ox + Fe ox ) (all concentrations expressed in mmol kg -1 , Beauchemin and Simard 1999). Water-soluble P (P w ) was measured in a 1:27 (weight/volume) ratio of soil/water according to a modification of Sissingh (1971) procedure .…”

Section: Soil Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined de-inking paper sludge and poultry manure application on corn yield and soil nutrients

Gagnon¹,

Cambouris²

2004

Gagnon, B., Nolin, M. C. and Cambouris, A. N. 2004. Combined de-inking paper sludge and poultry manure application on corn yield and soil nutrients. Can. J. Soil Sci. 84: 503-512. Application of combined de-inking paper sludge and poultry manure may be an appropriate way to dispose of these residues and restore fertility of highly degraded soils. An experiment was initiated to determine the effects of a single application of this material, using two different application techniques, on corn yield and soil properties of two 12-ha fields of contrasting textures located in the Nicolet watershed in the province of Québec, Canada. De-inking paper sludge was mixed with poultry manure (PP) at a ratio of 25:1 and strip-applied before corn seeding. The study included three treatments: untreated control, a constant application rate, and variable application rates according to initial soil organic C content. The variable application rates were 10, 20 and 30 Mg dry weight ha -1 . The strips were randomized within blocks, and the strips ran lengthwise in the blocks. Soil N immobilization and P release occurred on both sites at least 2 mo after PP incorporation, as measured at the corn eight-leaf and silk apparition stages by the anion-exchange membranes. Despite early N immobilization, grain yield was not affected whereas plant P uptake was increased by PP. At both sites, a single application of PP increased soil pH and major nutrient levels at harvest but had no significant effect on soil organic C. The application of PP also increased P saturation indices but the measured values were well below critical thresholds above which environmental risks would be high. The variable application rate treatment did not differ from the equivalent constant rate treatment for improving soil status and crop growth. This study indicates that mixing de-inking paper sludge and poultry manure may provide a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach to land disposal of these wastes. Les bandes couvraient toute la longueur du champ et étaient réparties aléatoirement à l'intérieur des blocs. L'immobilisation du N et le relâchement du P du sol sont survenus sur les deux sites au moins 2 mois après l'incorporation des BF, telles que mesurées aux stades 8 feuilles et apparition des soies du maïs par les membranes d'échange anionique. En dépit d'une immobilisation du N en début de saison, le rendement en grains n'a pas été affecté alors que le prélèvement en P des plants a été augmenté par les BF. Aux deux sites, une application unique de BF a augmenté le pH et les niveaux des éléments majeurs du sol à la récolte mais n'a eu aucun effet significatif sur le C organique du sol. L'application des BF a aussi accru les indices de saturation en P mais les valeurs mesurées étaient bien inférieures aux seuils critiques au delà desquels les risques environnementaux seraient élevés. Le traitement d'application à taux variable n'a pas différé du traitement équivalent à taux fixe pour améliorer le statut du sol et la croissance des cultures. Cette étu...