Soil persistence of dimethyl disulfide combined with chloropicrin after repeated applications

2021

BACKGROUND Broadleaf and grass weeds can adversely affect growth and productivity of plastic‐mulched tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Two, four‐year research trials were conducted in Florida to evaluate the effect of repeated fumigation and chemical fallow versus a sorghum [Sorghum bicolor S. bicolor var. sudanense (Piper) Stapf.] cover crop on broadleaf and grass weeds in tomato plasticulture. RESULTS 1,3‐Dichloropropene (1,3‐D) + chloropicrin (Pic), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) + Pic, and DMDS + metam potassium effectively controlled broadleaf weeds in‐crop and reduced densities by 79–98% compared to the non‐fumigated control but provided inconsistent control of grass weeds. DMDS + metam potassium was generally the most effective fumigant. During the fallow period, a sorghum cover crop effectively reduced broadleaf weed density than the chemical fallow, while chemical fallow effectively reduced grass weed density than the cover crop. The fallow program did not affect in‐crop densities of broadleaf and grass weeds. In some measurements, the evaluated fumigants resulted in taller tomato plants and higher yield compared to the non‐fumigated control. CONCLUSION We conclude that the evaluated soil fumigants effectively control broadleaf and grass weeds. Planting a sorghum cover crop effectively suppresses broadleaf weeds but not grasses during the fallow period. However, this suppression does not result in reduced weed density in‐crop despite the fact that similar weed species were observed in both time periods. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term effect of fumigation and a sorghum cover crop on broadleaf and grass weeds in plastic‐mulched tomato

Sharpe

2021

“…Previous studies have shown that some fumigant alternatives can persist longer under cool and wet soil conditions compared with MB as they can cause phytotoxicity to vegetables at the early growing season . For example, the dissipation of DMDS during the spring is slower than in the fall . When soil temperature is 10–12 °C, the planting interval following the fumigation of DMDS is 42 days (Paladin label).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When soil temperature is 10–12 °C, the planting interval following the fumigation of DMDS is 42 days (Paladin label). Longer soil persistence demands longer planting intervals after fumigation but accelerated dissipation may result in decreased fumigant efficacy for pest control . EDN is highly volatile and stable in soils for only 3–5 h .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,36,37 For example, the dissipation of DMDS during the spring is slower than in the fall. 38 When soil temperature is 10-12 ∘ C, the planting interval following the fumigation of DMDS is 42 days (Paladin label). Longer soil persistence demands longer planting intervals after fumigation but accelerated dissipation may result in decreased fumigant efficacy for pest control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Longer soil persistence demands longer planting intervals after fumigation but accelerated dissipation may result in decreased fumigant efficacy for pest control. 38,39 EDN is highly volatile and stable in soils for only 3-5 h. 32,33 After that, it is broken down to naturally occurring soil components. 33 The short plant back interval may give growers flexibility in using EDN as a preplant soil fumigant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of ethanedinitrile (EDN) as a preplant soil fumigant in Florida strawberry production

Baggio

et al. 2019

BACKGROUND Ethanedinitrile (EDN) has shown promising efficacy against weeds, plant‐parasitic nematodes and soil‐borne pathogens. Field experiments were conducted for three strawberry (Fragaria× ananassa D.) seasons in Balm and Dover, FL, USA to evaluate the control efficacy of EDN applied through drip tape on various weed species and the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal agent of charcoal rot of strawberry. RESULTS Results revealed that 224, 336, 448 or 560 kg ha−1 EDN, and 104 kg ha−1 1,3‐dichloropropene (1,3‐D) + 176 kg ha−1 chloropicrin (Pic) applied through drip tapes under totally impermeable film were safe for strawberry production, with no adverse effect on strawberry growth and yield. EDN rates at 224, 336, 448 and 560 kg ha−1 were highly efficacious and equally effective in reducing purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) in two of three growing seasons. Compared with the efficacy on purple nutsedge, the evaluated EDN rates were generally less effective on various broadleaf and grass weeds emerging on the bare ground and planting holes, but at 560 kg ha−1 consistently exhibited similar levels of control as 1,3‐D + Pic. For M. phaseolina, the evaluated EDN rates were more efficacious than 1,3‐D + Pic and significantly reduced inoculum buried in different bed locations in plastic‐mulched beds. CONCLUSION EDN has potential to be an efficacious tool for soil disinfestation and weed control in plasticulture strawberry production. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

Sorghum cover crop and repeated soil fumigation for purple nutsedge management in tomato production

Sharpe

2021

BACKGROUND Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is one of the most common and troublesome weeds. Field research trials were conducted in Florida to evaluate the effects of repeated fumigation and a sorghum sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor S. bicolor var. sudanense (Piper) Stapf.] cover crop on purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) populations over time in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production. RESULTS Among the soil fumigants, DMDS + metam potassium was consistently the most effective treatment in terms of in‐crop purple nutsedge control. Plots with a sorghum cover crop during the fallow period exhibited higher purple nutsedge density during the tomato growing season as well as higher purple nutsedge shoot and tuber densities during the fallow period compared to the chemical fallow. CONCLUSION DMDS + metam potassium was the most effective fumigant for purple nutsedge control. Unexpectedly, a sorghum cover crop during the fallow period was less effective than chemical fallow for purple nutsedge management, and therefore we do not recommend the use of sorghum cover crops for weed management in fields where purple nutsedge is the major weed species.