Soil Oxidoreductases and FDA Hydrolysis

Prosser, J.A.; Speir, T. W.; Stott, Diane E.

doi:10.2136/sssabookser9.c6

Cited by 42 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Soil samples for analysis of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, and enzyme activities were collected to a depth of 0 to 6.5 cm from 6 to 8 cores in each plot and were bulked and archived in a freezer at -25 °C until they were analyzed. Microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were determined using the chloroform fumigation–extraction method [4] , [9] and soil enzyme activities were determined using colorimetric and titration methods [8] , [6] , [7] as described in detail in our related articles [1] , [2] . To evaluate changes in microbial biomass and enzyme activities over time, the analyses were done on soil collected at time 0 (October 2003 just prior to the application of the treatments) and after six years of management.…”

Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil microbial biomass and enzyme data after six years of cover crop and compost treatments in organic vegetable production

Brennan

Acosta-Martínez

2018

Data in Brief

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Cover crops and compost are organic matter inputs that can impact soil health in tillage-intensive, high-input, organic vegetable production systems in the central coast region of California. Data are presented on soil microbial biomass (carbon and nitrogen) and soil enzymes (β-glucosidase, β-glucosaminidase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartase and L-asparaginase and dehydrogenase) from a relatively long-term organic systems experiment in Salinas, California that was focused on lettuce and broccoli production and included eight different certified organic systems. These systems differed in compost inputs, cover cropping frequency, cover crop type, and cover cropping seeding rate. The compost was made from urban yard waste, and the cover crops included rye, a legume-rye mixture, and a mustard mixture planted at two seeding rates (standard rate 1× versus high rate 3×). There were three legume-rye 3× systems that differed in compost inputs (0 versus 15 Mg ha-1 year-1 and cover cropping frequency (every winter versus every fourth winter). The data in this article support and augment information presented in the research articles “Cover cropping frequency is the main driver of soil microbial changes during six years of organic vegetable production” (Brennan and Acosta-Martinez, 2017) and “Cover crops and compost influence soil enzymes during 6 years of tillage-intensive, organic vegetable production” (Brennan and Acosta-Martinez, 2018).

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Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil microbial biomass and enzyme data after six years of cover crop and compost treatments in organic vegetable production

Brennan

Acosta-Martínez

2018

Data in Brief

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“…Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) activity was determined by measuring the fluorescein released after hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate following the method outlined by Prosser et al [22]. A total of 1 g of air-dried soil sample was incubated with 50 mL of tris hydroxymethyl aminomethane (THAM) buffer (0.1 M, pH 7.6) and 0.5 mL of 47.6 µM FDA at 37 • C for 3 h. A control sample was included for each sample in which only acetone and not FDA was added.…”

Section: Fluorescein Diacetate Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The TLUs were used as a basis of estimating the pressure on residue grazing. The following animal weightings were used to calculate the TLUs; horses and cattle = 0.7, sheep and goats = 0.1, pigs = 0.2 and chickens = 0.01 [22]. Data from completed questionnaires was assigned a numerical code before analysis with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, IBM Inc., Armonk, NY, USA).…”

Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Conservation Agriculture Practices by Smallholder Farmers in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa

2017

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Conservation agriculture (CA) can sustainably address soil degradation and improve crop yields. However, the success of CA amongst South African smallholder farmers is not known. The aims of the study were to find out: (1) the extent of CA practice by the Eastern Cape smallholder farmers; (2) perceptions towards CA amongst smallholder farmers with some history of practising the technology; and (3) the impact of practised CA components on soil quality indicators. Diagnostic survey techniques and soil sampling in farmers' fields were employed to gather data from five districts of the Eastern Cape, South Africa. The most common CA principle adopted by surveyed farmers was no-till (34.81%), whilst crop rotation and residue retention were practised by only 25.93% and 22.22% of the farmers, respectively. Education level and CA training influenced the likelihood of a farmer to practise no-till farming, whilst the likelihood of farmers to retain residues was influenced by education level and access to grazing lands. Lack of appropriate equipment and costly herbicides were the major constraining factors to practising CA. Crop residue retention conflicted with the common practice of free-range livestock grazing. Cabbage, maize and beans were the most common crops of choice for the few farmers that practised crop rotations. No significant (p > 0.05) improvement on soil quality indicators was observed with CA compared to the conventional farming method. The noted high dependency on government grants by the smallholder farmers could be a disincentive towards the adoption of agricultural innovations such as CA. Identification of practical key CA entry points is recommended, bearing in mind the noted impediments to CA adoption.

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“…Soil enzyme activities were determined using assay kits produced by Suzhou Comin biotechnology Co. (Ltd) and based on the methods proposed by Soil Science Society of America. [23][24][25] Urease activity was estimated by the indophenol blue colorimetric determination of ammonium released during a soil sample incubation with urea at 37 C for 24 h, expressed as mg NH 4 + -N per d per g. Catalase activity in soil was measured by ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry at 240 nm, expressed as mmol H 2 O 2 per d per g. Soil sucrase was determined by the dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method, where a UV spectrophotometer is operated at 510 nm. Soil peroxidase oxidizes organic matter in the presence of H 2 O 2 to produce cesium, which can be analyzed by UV spectrophotometry at 430 nm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Cd accumulation in pak choi (Brassica chinensis L.) in consecutive growing seasons using mercapto-grafted palygorskite

Liang

et al. 2018

RSC Adv.

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Soil Oxidoreductases and FDA Hydrolysis

Cited by 42 publications

References 52 publications

Soil microbial biomass and enzyme data after six years of cover crop and compost treatments in organic vegetable production

Soil microbial biomass and enzyme data after six years of cover crop and compost treatments in organic vegetable production

Assessment of Conservation Agriculture Practices by Smallholder Farmers in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa

Reduction of Cd accumulation in pak choi (Brassica chinensis L.) in consecutive growing seasons using mercapto-grafted palygorskite

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