Soil Organic Matter

Berns, Anne E.; Knicker, Heike

doi:10.1002/9780470034590.emrstm1345

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…97 Every construction of 'the people' is explicitly political, not only in the sense of never being definitive and therefore deconstructible, but also in terms of its being always incomplete without possibly reaching completeness. 98 Its answer, however provisional, is contained in its performance. Accordingly, this point entails a rejection of the idea of constituent power as a unified whole, as Schmitt would have it.…”

Section: Performing the Peoplementioning

confidence: 99%

Who, the people? Rethinking constituent power as praxis

Asseldonk

2021

Philosophy & Social Criticism

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Modern thinking about democracy is largely governed by the concept of constituent power. Some versions of the concept of constituent power, however, remain haunted by the spectre of totalitarianism. In this article, I outline an alternative view of the identity of the people whose constituent power generates democratic authority. Broadly speaking, constituent power signifies the idea that all political authority, including that of the constitution, must find its source in some idea of ‘the people’, whose authority is never exhausted by constituted power. The deficiency I seek to address is that of asking who the people is to whom any claim of authority refers, while avoiding the pitfalls of totalitarianism. I show the most famous totalitarian view of constituent power – advanced by Carl Schmitt – to be not only politically unsavoury but also ontologically unjustified. To outline my alternative view, I draw on Jacques Derrida’s concept of just decisions to argue that the undecidable inaugurates collective responsibility by demanding a response. This suggests a view of ‘the people’ as a doing rather than a being. I conclude by showing how this avoids totalitarian views of popular sovereignty by demonstrating its congruency with Claude Lefort’s democratic theory as opposed to totalitarianism.

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Section: Performing the Peoplementioning

confidence: 99%

Who, the people? Rethinking constituent power as praxis

Asseldonk

2021

Philosophy & Social Criticism

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“…The SDZ amount in the present HA study was approximately 2 to 3 orders of magnitude higher (based on amount SDZ per mg soil organic carbon), and the amount applied in the soil study was 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher than the amounts in the batch study of Sittig et al 28 Despite these necessary high amounts, to be able to record 15 N-CPMAS NMR signals, we nevertheless estimate that the identified binding types also occur under natural conditions as the required reaction sites are present in natural soils. 44,47,63 Furthermore, the study was conducted with two different HAs, but generated comparable signals in both. The results differed in the recorded signal strength, which indicated different amounts being formed.…”

Section: Environmental Science and Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of ¹⁵N-Sulfadiazine and Soil Components As Evidenced by ¹⁵N-CPMAS NMR

Berns

Philipp

Lewandowski

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The extensive use of sulfonamides (SNs) in animal husbandry has led to an unintentional widespread occurrence in several environmental compartments. The implementation of regulations and management recommendations to reduce the potential risk of development of antibiotic resistances necessitates detailed knowledge on their fate in soil. We present results from two independent incubation studies of N-labeled sulfadiazines (SDZ) which focused on identifying binding types in bound residues. In the first studyN-amino labeled SDZ was incubated with two previously isolated humic acids in the presence and absence of Trametes versicolor laccase, while in the second study N-double-labeled SDZ was incubated with a typical agricultural Luvisol and the humic acid fraction isolated after sequential extraction of the soil. The freeze-dried humic acid fractions of both studies were then analyzed byN-CPMAS NMR and compared with the N-spectra of synthesized model compounds. In both studies amide bonds and Michael adducts were identified, while formation of imine bonds could be excluded. In the humic acid study, where less harsh extraction methods were applied, possible formation of H-bridging and sequestration were additionally detected.

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“…As NMR emerged as an informative technique for structural information, the first applications to environmental chemistry focused on 1-D NMR acquisition of soil extracts. 22 Soil organic matter (SOM) stores more carbon than that in the atmosphere but with climate change, the fate of this carbon, especially in sensitive ecosystems such as the Arctic and peatlands, is highly uncertain. 23 Furthermore, SOM binds with metals, organic pollutants, and soil minerals.…”

Section: ■ Environmental Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…24−26 Unravelling the complex structure of SOM was a scientific endeavor that spanned decades and scientists working on this topic did not hesitate to employ NMR techniques to help with this important question. 22 SOM studies also later employed techniques such as cross-polarization-magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) solid-state 13 C NMR because of its ability to provide an overview of all the components present in dried SOM. 15,22,27 Paramagnetic species such as iron and manganese can lead to spectral broadening in NMR and for environmental materials rich is these species pretreatment using HF is recommended.…”

Section: ■ Environmental Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…22 SOM studies also later employed techniques such as cross-polarization-magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) solid-state 13 C NMR because of its ability to provide an overview of all the components present in dried SOM. 15,22,27 Paramagnetic species such as iron and manganese can lead to spectral broadening in NMR and for environmental materials rich is these species pretreatment using HF is recommended. 28 HF dissolves mineral components both reducing the paramagnetic content while concentrating the organics often leading to improvements in both intensity and resolution.…”

Section: ■ Environmental Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: An Overview and a Primer

Simpson

Soong

2017

Anal. Chem.

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NMR spectroscopy is a versatile tool for the study of structure and interactions in environmental media such as air, soil, and water as well as monitoring the metabolic responses of living organisms to an ever changing environment. Part review, part perspective, and part tutorial, this Feature is aimed at nonspecialists who are interested in learning more about the potential and impact of NMR spectroscopy in environmental research.

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Soil Organic Matter

Cited by 7 publications

References 128 publications

Who, the people? Rethinking constituent power as praxis

Who, the people? Rethinking constituent power as praxis

Interactions of ¹⁵N-Sulfadiazine and Soil Components As Evidenced by ¹⁵N-CPMAS NMR

Environmental Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: An Overview and a Primer

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Soil Organic Matter

Cited by 7 publications

References 128 publications

Who, the people? Rethinking constituent power as praxis

Who, the people? Rethinking constituent power as praxis

Interactions of 15N-Sulfadiazine and Soil Components As Evidenced by 15N-CPMAS NMR

Environmental Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: An Overview and a Primer

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Interactions of ¹⁵N-Sulfadiazine and Soil Components As Evidenced by ¹⁵N-CPMAS NMR