Soil organic carbon stocks in Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos, under different climate change scenarios

Rial, Marcela; Cortizas, Antonio Martínez; Rodríguez, Teresa Taboada; Rodríguez‐Lado, Luis

doi:10.1016/j.catena.2017.03.020

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The increase in the amount of C with altitude in Santa Cruz soils is consistent with previous studies that modelled the soil C of the island and showed that variation in topsoil C is related to the climate gradient (Rial et al, 2017). It is also consistent with the distribution of C obtained for volcanic soils in other areas.…”

Section: Organic Matter Stabilizationsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Figure shows the locations studied and a brief description of each soil is included in the Supporting Information (Table S1). Further detail can be found in Eswaran et al (), Rodríguez Flores et al (), Stoops (, ), Taboada et al () and Rial et al ().…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further detail can be found in Eswaran et al (1973), Rodríguez Flores et al (2006), Stoops (2013Stoops ( , 2014, Taboada et al (2016) and Rial et al (2017).…”

Section: Soil Samplingmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Total annual precipitation is strongly affected by altitude and wind direction. On Santa Cruz Island, the average annual rainfall ranges from 500 mm on the coastal plateau to 1,500-2000 mm on the highlands of the southern, windward side (Rial et al, 2017), whereas the northern leeward side of the island is much dryer (Adelinet et al, 2008). Rainfall can quadruple during El Niño years (Adelinet et al, 2008).…”

Section: The Physical Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secondary aluminium, iron and silica phases across a volcanic soil climosequence, Galápagos Islands

Rodríguez

Ferro-Vázquez

Stoops

et al. 2019

European J Soil Science

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We applied selective dissolution extractions (Na‐pyrophosphate, acid oxalate, cold NaOH and citrate‐dithionite) to study Al, Fe and Si fractionation in 38 volcanic pedons located on the windward slopes of Santa Cruz (Galápagos Islands) that form a climosequence. The aim was to evaluate the distribution of secondary Fe, Al and Si phases in relation to environmental variables. Two main trends were observed: a geographical pattern in relation to altitude and a vertical differentiation within soil profiles. Soils from the drier coastal area had the smallest amounts of secondary Al, Fe and Si, whereas values were larger in soils at higher altitude, under a more humid climate. Organo–metallic complexes dominate the organic‐rich topsoils in these wetter areas as a result of larger availability of free Al, more humified organic matter with a greater capacity for metal adsorption and larger organic matter contributions from vegetation. This has led to increased accumulation of organic carbon in soils at higher altitudes. At lower elevations, inorganic secondary materials are more frequent, with short‐range‐order minerals prevailing in topsoils, whereas crystalline minerals dominate subsoils. Crystalline minerals are also frequent in some soils at higher altitudes in relation to acid pH. Vertical differentiation within the soil profile is also responsive to altitude: differences between topsoils and subsoils are generally more marked in soils at higher locations, thus wetter areas. A greater degree of weathering seems to be the main factor controlling both altitudinal trends and horizonation through its effect on pH, organic matter content and humification, ultimately controlled by climatic variation. Highlights We analysed soils developed on volcanic material along the windward slope of Santa Cruz Island. Organo–metallic complexes are abundant in acidic, organic‐rich epipedons at higher elevation. Short‐range‐order minerals are more abundant in non‐acidic subsoils and tend to increase with altitude Crystalline minerals predominate at lower elevation and in acidic subsoils at higher altitude.

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Section: Organic Matter Stabilizationsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further detail can be found in Eswaran et al (1973), Rodríguez Flores et al (2006), Stoops (2013Stoops ( , 2014, Taboada et al (2016) and Rial et al (2017).…”

Section: Soil Samplingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: The Physical Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secondary aluminium, iron and silica phases across a volcanic soil climosequence, Galápagos Islands

Rodríguez

Ferro-Vázquez

Stoops

et al. 2019

European J Soil Science

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“…Soil organic carbon: Articles related to soil organic carbon (SOC) cycles and dynamics, and its relationship with the environment. Carbon stocks in different ecosystems, with particular emphasis in grasslands and topsoil (Rial et al, 2017;Liu et al, 2018;Song et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2018a).…”

Section: Main Topicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine learning and soil sciences: A review aided by machine learning tools

Padarian¹,

Minasny²,

McBratney³

2019

Preprint

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Abstract. The application of machine learning (ML) techniques in various fields of science has increased rapidly, especially in the last ten years. The increasing availability of soil data that can be efficiently acquired remotely and proximally, and freely available open-source algorithms, have led to an accelerated adoption of ML techniques to analyse soil data. Given the large number of publications, it is an impossible task to manually review all papers on the application of ML in soil science without narrowing down a narrative of ML application in a specific research question. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the application of ML techniques in soil science aided by a ML algorithm (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) to find patterns in a large collection of text corpus. The objective is to gain insight into publications of ML applications in soil science and to discuss the research gaps in this topic. We found that: a) there is an increasing usage of ML methods in soil sciences, mostly concentrated in developed countries, b) the reviewed publication can be grouped into 12 topics, namely remote sensing, soil organic carbon, water, contamination, methods (ensembles), erosion and parent material, methods (NN, SVM), spectroscopy, modelling (classes), crops, physical and modelling (continuous), c) advanced ML methods usually perform better than simpler approaches thanks to their capability to capture non-linear relationships. From these findings, we found research gaps, in particular: about the precautions that should be taken (parsimony) to avoid overfitting, and that the interpretability of the ML models is an important aspect to consider when applying advanced ML methods in order to improve our knowledge and understanding of soil. We foresee that a large number of studies will focus on the latter topic.

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Cadmium retention and microbial response in volcanic soils along gradients of soil age and climate on the Galápagos Islands

et al. 2021

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The behavior of trace metals may vary strongly in the course of volcanic soil development. Cadmium retention in soils is specifically important for some Galápagos islands where agriculture is leading to anthropogenic Cd contamination. To assess the influence of soil development factors on soil Cd retention and toxicity, we performed Cd sorption-desorption experiments with volcanic topsoils from the Galápagos Islands sampled along gradients of (a) substrate age (chronosequence, 1.5-1,070 ka) and (b) climate (elevation sequence, 47-866 m asl) ranging from arid lowland areas to humid highland areas. Additionally, the effects of Cd toxicity on the soil microbial community composition were evaluated for two soils of the chronosequence. In young volcanic soils, the sorption capacity was very high but decreased rapidly with soil age and increasing elevation. These trends were coupled with decreases in soil weathering indicators (e.g., electrical conductivity, pH, and effective cation exchange capacity) as well as changes in soil mineralogy. Cadmium addition did not influence total phospholipid fatty acids and basal respiration in most soils. However, with increasing Cd concentration, a pronounced reduction in the Gram-negative/Gram-positive bacteria ratio (from 0.32 to 0.12) occurred in an old, highly weathered soil with low Cd retention capacity. Our results show that up to 60% of added Cd was only weakly sorbed in old volcanic soils. As a consequence, the old volcanic soils of Galápagos bear the potential risk that the mobile Cd fraction is taken up by soil microorganisms, transferring this element into the food chain.

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Soil organic carbon stocks in Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos, under different climate change scenarios

Cited by 31 publications

References 45 publications

Secondary aluminium, iron and silica phases across a volcanic soil climosequence, Galápagos Islands

Secondary aluminium, iron and silica phases across a volcanic soil climosequence, Galápagos Islands

Machine learning and soil sciences: A review aided by machine learning tools

Cadmium retention and microbial response in volcanic soils along gradients of soil age and climate on the Galápagos Islands

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