Soil organic carbon in an integrated crop-livestock system under different grazing intensities

Cecagno, Diego; Gomes, Murilo Veloso; Costa, Sérgio Ely Valadão Gigante de Andrade; Martins, Amanda Posselt; Denardin, Luiz Gustavo de Oliveira; Bayer, Cimélio; Anghinoni, Ibanor; Carvalho, Paulo César de Faccio

doi:10.5039/agraria.v13i3a5553

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Furthermore, it is known that the areas with moderate grazing intensity present a higher soil carbon sequestration potential. However, when the ICLS is implanted in an area with consolidated no-tillage, it shows little influence over the increase of the total soil organic carbon through grazing intensity, because the no-tillage system already has a positive carbon sequestration balance under these conditions (Cecagno et al 2018). The principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed the results obtained and allowed to demonstrate the difference between the evaluated treatments by means of biochemical soil attributes (Figure 4).…”

Section: Treatmentssupporting

confidence: 55%

Plant diversity in integrated crop-livestock systems increases the soil enzymatic activity in the short term

Franco

Silva

Souza

et al. 2020

Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop.

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Integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS) intercropped in the pasture phase promote alterations in the dynamics of soil attributes, among them the enzymatic activity. This study aimed to evaluate soil enzymatic and microbial activities, following the implementation of ICLS with increased plant diversity during the pasture phase. The study consisted of soybean cultivation at season and pasture with different diversity levels in the off-season: very low - monocropped Urochloa brizantha cv. BRS Paiaguás with no animal entry; low - monocropped Paiaguás; medium - Paiaguás and cowpea bean (Vigna unguiculata); high - Paiaguás, cowpea bean and niger (Guizotia abyssinica); very high - Paiaguás, cowpea bean, niger, buckwheat (Fogopyrum esculentum) and forage turnip (Raphanus sativus). The introduction of plants from different families, associated to grazing, positively affected the enzymatic activities of acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase and urease. In relation to microbial biomass carbon and basal respiration, there were no effects from the treatments. Therefore, among the evaluated biochemical soil attributes, the activities of some soil enzymes were more sensitive in demonstrating, in the short term, the positive effects of the increased plant variety in the ICLS pasture phase.

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Section: Treatmentssupporting

confidence: 55%

Plant diversity in integrated crop-livestock systems increases the soil enzymatic activity in the short term

Franco

Silva

Souza

et al. 2020

Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop.

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“…In another Brazilian Ferralsol, grazing did not change total and particulate carbon and nitrogen stocks in the 0–40 cm layer, nor the carbon lability index, under moderate or light grazing levels (sward height of 20 to 40 cm) of a C 3 winter annual pasture of black oat ( Avena strigosa Schreb.) plus ryegrass followed by soybean in summer (Assmann et al, 2014; Cecagno et al, 2018). Likewise, stocks of organic carbon and total nitrogen, as well as of their particulate fractions, were unaffected by grazing of C 3 winter annual pastures of rye ( Secale cereal L.), rye plus clover ( Trifolium incarnatum L.) or rye plus ryegrass rotating with maize, soybean or sorghum in summer, in an American Acrisol (Franzluebbers & Stuedemann, 2013, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No‐tillage and ryegrass grazing effects on stocks, stratification and lability of carbon and nitrogen in a subtropical Umbric Ferralsol

Ramalho

Dieckow

Barth

et al. 2020

European J Soil Science

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No-tillage farming combined with temporary cattle grazing is becoming a common practice in parts of South America. We quantified the effects of no-tillage and winter grazing of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) on soil carbon and nitrogen stock, stratification ratio (concentration in 0-5 to 10-20-cm layer) and lability (based on particulate organic matter, POM), relative to conventional tillage or ungrazed ryegrass. A 9-year-old experiment was conducted in a southern Brazilian Ferralsol. Soil under no-tillage accumulated 1.11 Mg C ha −1 year −1 and 0.10 Mg N ha −1 year −1 to 100-cm depth relative to conventional tillage when ryegrass was not grazed, and also increased the stratification ratio of carbon (1.48 vs. 1.11) and nitrogen (1.66 vs. 1.17). The carbon and nitrogen lability was also greater in no-tillage soil, as carbon and nitrogen stocks increased proportionally more in sand-POM than in silt or clay size fractions (carbon lability index = 1.57 vs. 1.00; nitrogen lability index = 1.57 vs. 1.00). Semiquinone concentrations in physical fractions were 4-28% smaller in no-tillage, suggesting less organic matter aromaticity in this treatment. Grazing, however, caused no further improvement of stocks of carbon and nitrogen in the 0-100-cm layer of notillage soil (e.g., 209 vs. 212 Mg C ha −1 , ns), or enhancement of stratification or lability of those elements, relative to ungrazed ryegrass. Overall, no-tillage effectively promoted soil carbon and nitrogen accumulation and lability in this subtropical Ferralsol, whereas grazing did not compromise the gains of no-tillage. Highlights • Capacity of no-tillage and grazing to enhance stocks, stratification and lability of soil C and N. • C sequestration with no-tillage is being debated, and little is known when combined with grazing. • No-tillage accumulated 1.11 Mg C ha −1 year −1 but grazing promoted no further C accumulation. • No-tillage effectively accumulated C in soil and grazing did not compromise such gain of no-tillage.

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“…The increased soil SOC stocks under light to moderate grazing and no grazing resulted probably from increased C inputs by pasture shoots and roots (Assmann et al, 2014; Cecagno et al, 2018; Silva et al, 2014). Relative to intensive grazing, the annual rates of SOC accumulation ranged from 230 to 1,140 kg ha −1 , equivalent to annual net CO 2 mitigation rates of 840–4,180 kg ha −1 , respectively (Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Farmers usually overstock rangelands in their attempts to maximize harvesting efficiency, thereby causing overgrazing as a side effect. Overstocking can have adverse effects on pasture (shoot and root development) and impair soil properties such as soil organic carbon (SOC) as a result (Cecagno et al, 2018; Piva et al, 2014). On the other hand, the conversion of high to light or moderate grazing intensities can result in improved net primary production of pasture, increased returns of plant litter and animal manures (Assmann et al, 2014; Carvalho et al, 2018; Han et al, 2008; Souza et al, 2008; de Moraes et al, 2013) and stronger growth of root systems and exudation (Gong, Fanselow, Dittert, Taube, & Lin, 2015; Zhou et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing grazing intensity to reduce the global warming potential in integrated crop–livestock systems under no‐till agriculture

Ribeiro

Ibarr

Besen

et al. 2019

European J Soil Science

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Agricultural intensification has been associated with increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Using integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLs) under no-till agriculture can increase soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation, thereby helping mitigate such emissions. The aim of this study was to assess the net global warming potential (net GWP) of no-till ICLs at variable grazing intensities of winter black oat pasture in a subtropical ecosystem. A 3.5-year field experiment involving three different grazing intensities (i.e., intensive, moderate and light as defined by a pasture height of 10, 20 and 30 cm, respectively) and grazing exclusion in winter and no-till soybean cropping in summer was conducted on a Ferralsol in southern Brazil. Net GWP, in Mg CO 2 eq ha −1 year −1 , was assessed in terms of SOC sequestration relative to intensive grazing as a reference, including methane (CH 4) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions, and energy costs of farming operations and inputs. Moderate grazing reduced net GWP relative to intensive grazing (from 0.09 to 4.92 Mg CO 2 eq ha −1 year −1), the latter leading to the highest GWP levels. The decrease in net GWP was mainly the result of SOC accumulation, which offset 34-98% of all GHG emissions. Light grazing and grazing exclusion proved to be less efficient than moderate grazing in decreasing net GWP (1.84 Mg CO 2 eq ha −1 year −1 on average), mainly as a result of decreased SOC accumulation. Based on our findings, moderate grazing (20 cm high pasture) of winter black oat pasture is an effective strategy to reduce the C-footprint of ICLs in subtropical no-till agriculture. Highlights • On-farm assessment of net GWP in subtropical no-till ICLs • Conversion from intensive to moderate grazing reduced net GWP • SOC accumulation is the main driver of net GWP reduction under no-till ICLs.

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Soil organic carbon in an integrated crop-livestock system under different grazing intensities

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Plant diversity in integrated crop-livestock systems increases the soil enzymatic activity in the short term

Plant diversity in integrated crop-livestock systems increases the soil enzymatic activity in the short term

No‐tillage and ryegrass grazing effects on stocks, stratification and lability of carbon and nitrogen in a subtropical Umbric Ferralsol

Managing grazing intensity to reduce the global warming potential in integrated crop–livestock systems under no‐till agriculture

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