Soil organic carbon and nitrogen in a Minnesota soil as related to tillage, residue and nitrogen management

Dolan, M. S.; Clapp, C. E.; Allmaras, R. R.; Baker, John M.; Molina, J. A. E.

doi:10.1016/j.still.2005.07.015

Cited by 323 publications

(197 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The response of plant stature to different tillage systems was not significant however; minimum tilled soil had a bit taller plants than conventional and deep tilled plots and could be associated with optimum amount of soil moisture (Al-Kaisi and Yin, 2005), organic matter (Dolan et al, 2006), and residual soil nitrogen (Sainju et al, 2007) and improved crop growth. Pederson and Lauer (2003) recorded 2% higher plant height and kernel weight in minimum tillage compared to other tillage systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The fast emergence in reduced tillage was due to the minimum soil manipulation, that economize the soil water loss through less evaporation (Licht and Al-Kaisi, 2005) and the soften seedbed helped in fast emergence by early softening of the seed coat. Booting, anthesis and physiological maturity growth stages were delayed in fertilized stubble incorporated plots due to increase in duration of leaf area, vegetative growth and light use efficiency with higher use of nitrogen (Frederick and Camberato, 1995;Deldon, 2001), soil organic carbon (Dolan et al, 2006), and active carbon and N fraction (Sainju et al, 2007); hence improved phenology and plant productivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response of Tillage, Nitrogen and Stubble Management on Phenology and Crop Establishment of Wheat

Basir¹,

Jan²,

Arif³

et al. 2015

IJAB

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To cite this paper: Basir, A., M.T. Jan, M. Arif and M.J. Khan, 2016 ) application. The objective of the study was to examine the treatment effects on phenology, establishment and yield of succeeding wheat crop. Result showed that wheat phenology except days to emergence was not affected by different TS however; early emergence (10 days) was observed in minimum tillage rather than conventional and deep tillage system. Nitrogen fertilization (120 kg N ha -1 ) enhanced days to phenological observations, while no significant variation in days to emergence and physiological maturity were recorded among SM practices, however; stubble incorporation delayed the booting and anthesis stage compared to burning and removing. Minimum tillage improved emergence, tillers and grain yield (3134 kg ha -1 ) compared to deep tillage systems. Nitrogen fertilization at the rate of 120 kg ha -1 and maize stubble incorporation prior to wheat sowing also improved emergence, tillers, plant height and grain yield compared to control and stubble removal or burning. It is concluded from current study that maize stubble incorporation with recommended dose of fertilizer N (120 kg ha -1 ) prior to wheat sowing delayed phenology, and improved wheat establishment and yield under minimum tillage in a continuous cereal based cropping system instead of stubble burning and removal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Tillage, Nitrogen and Stubble Management on Phenology and Crop Establishment of Wheat

Basir¹,

Jan²,

Arif³

et al. 2015

IJAB

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“…In a 21-year study in Switzerland, Mäder et al (2002) reported 20 to 40% higher water-holding capacity in organically managed soils than in conventionally managed soils. Recent research has suggested, however, that prior studies have not adequately measured the effects of agricultural practices like no-till and organic farming on soil organic matter in deeper soil layers (Dolan et al 2006, Kravchencko and Roberts 2011, Syswerda et al 2011. Therefore, although organic and no-till farming systems have clear advantages for soil organic matter accumulation (and thus water-holding capacity) in surface soils (Franzluebbers 2004, Marriott andWander 2006), additional sampling at greater soil depths is an important, priority research area.…”

Section: Water-holding Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Limited sampling is especially problematic in the deeper soil layers, where the amounts of carbon stored are both smaller and more variable (Syswerda et al 2011). Knowledge about carbon stored in the deeper layers is particularly important, because management practices that enhance carbon in surface layers, such as no till or low till, may actually reduce carbon storage at deeper layers (i.e., by reducing the incorporation and decomposition of plant materials and subsequent root growth), leading to no net difference in stored carbon between management practices (Dolan et al 2006, Franzluebbers 2004. Further study of how diversified farming system practices influence soil carbon up to a 1-m soil depth is merited, not only to assess the potential of agricultural soils to mitigate greenhouse gases, but because increasing soil carbon can enhance a wide range of ecological services including increased food production (e.g., increases of 1 ton/ha in degraded croplands can double yields of staple crops like wheat and corn (Lal 2004).…”

Section: Carbon Sequestrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem Services in Biologically Diversified versus Conventional Farming Systems: Benefits, Externalities, and Trade-Offs

Kremen¹,

Miles²

2012

E&S

764

622

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We hypothesize that biological diversification across ecological, spatial, and temporal scales maintains and regenerates the ecosystem services that provide critical inputs--such as maintenance of soil quality, nitrogen fixation, pollination, and pest control--to agriculture. Agrobiodiversity is sustained by diversified farming practices and it also supplies multiple ecosystem services to agriculture, thus reducing environmental externalities and the need for off-farm inputs. We reviewed the literature that compares biologically diversified farming systems with conventional farming systems, and we examined 12 ecosystem services: biodiversity; soil quality; nutrient management; water-holding capacity; control of weeds, diseases, and pests; pollination services; carbon sequestration; energy efficiency and reduction of warming potential; resistance and resilience to climate change; and crop productivity. We found that compared with conventional farming systems, diversified farming systems support substantially greater biodiversity, soil quality, carbon sequestration, and water-holding capacity in surface soils, energy-use efficiency, and resistance and resilience to climate change. Relative to conventional monocultures, diversified farming systems also enhance control of weeds, diseases, and arthropod pests and they increase pollination services; however, available evidence suggests that these practices may often be insufficient to control pests and diseases or provide sufficient pollination. Significantly less public funding has been applied to agroecological research and the improvement of diversified farming systems than to conventional systems. Despite this lack of support, diversified farming systems have only somewhat reduced mean crop productivity relative to conventional farming systems, but they produce far fewer environmental and social harms. We recommend that more research and crop breeding be conducted to improve diversified farming systems and reduce yield gaps when they occur. Because single diversified farming system practices, such as crop rotation, influence multiple ecosystem services, such research should be holistic and integrated across many components of the farming system. Detailed agroecological research especially is needed to develop crop- and region-specific approaches to control of weeds, diseases, and pests

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“…However, comparative studies between till and no-till systems have been confounded by the fact that carbon distribution in soil profiles begins to change dramatically as soon as tillage is initiated or discontinued. For example, some studies have found that no-till management can increase carbon levels near the soil surface, but will lower levels of SOC at greater soil depths [50,58]. In a review of research on no-till and C sequestration in Canada, VandenBygaart and colleagues [59] examined the results of almost 100 studies of sequestration rates.…”

Section: Reducing Som Losses From Microbial Respirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Agriculture Can Learn from Native Ecosystems in Building Soil Organic Matter: A Review

Crews

Rumsey

2017

Sustainability

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Over the last century, researchers and practitioners with diverse backgrounds have articulated the importance of improving soil organic matter (SOM) contents in agricultural soils. More recently, climate change scientists interested in CO 2 sinks, and agroecologists interested in ecological intensification have converged on the goal of building SOM stocks in croplands. The challenge is that agriculture itself is responsible for dramatic losses of SOM. When grassland or forest ecosystems are first converted to agriculture, multiple mechanisms result in SOM declines of between 20% and 70%. Two of the most important mechanisms are the reduction in organic matter inputs from roots following the replacement of perennial vegetation with annual crop species, and increases in microbial respiration when tillage breaks open soil aggregates exposing previously protected organic matter. Many agricultural practices such as conservation tillage and integration of cover crops have been shown to achieve some degree of SOM improvement, but in general adoption of these practices falls short of accumulating the SOM stocks maintained by grasslands, forests or other native ecosystems that agriculture replaced. Two of the overarching reasons why native terrestrial ecosystems have achieved greater soil organic matter levels than human agroecosystems are because they direct a greater percentage of productivity belowground in perennial roots, and they do not require frequent soil disturbance. A growing body of research including that presented in this review suggests that developing perennial grain agroecosystems may hold the greatest promise for agriculture to approach the SOM levels that accumulate in native ecosystems. We present calculations that estimate potential soil organic carbon accumulation rates in fields converted from annual to perennial grains of between 0.13 and 1.70 t ha −1 year −1 .

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Soil organic carbon and nitrogen in a Minnesota soil as related to tillage, residue and nitrogen management

Cited by 323 publications

References 21 publications

Response of Tillage, Nitrogen and Stubble Management on Phenology and Crop Establishment of Wheat

Response of Tillage, Nitrogen and Stubble Management on Phenology and Crop Establishment of Wheat

Ecosystem Services in Biologically Diversified versus Conventional Farming Systems: Benefits, Externalities, and Trade-Offs

What Agriculture Can Learn from Native Ecosystems in Building Soil Organic Matter: A Review

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