Soil N mineralization and nitrification in relation to nitrogen solution chemistry in a small forested watershed

Hill, Alan R.; Shackleton, Michael

doi:10.1007/bf00001319

Cited by 59 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Soil solution concentrations of NO 3~-N and NO 3~-N plus NH 4 + -N correlated well with all rates of N transformations, with the exception of buried bag nitrification (Table 1). Previous research has also shown that soil solution collections are good indicators of N availability and potential leaching losses (Hansen and Harris, 1975;Montagnini et al, 1986;Hill and Shackleton, 1989). Net mineralization measurements were also correlated with soil inorganic N content at the time of sampling, with r values ranging from 0.28 to 0.60 (Table 1).…”

Section: Treatment Effect Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 64%

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Comparison of Available Soil Nitrogen Assays in Control and Burned Forested Sites

Knoepp

Swank

1995

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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The existence of several different methods for measuring net N mineralization and nitrification rates and indexing N availability has raised questions about the comparability of these methods. We compared in situ covered cores, in situ buried bags, aerobic laboratory incubations, and tension lysimetry on control and treated plots of a prescribed burn experiment in the southern Appalachians. Environmental influences were examined with soil moisture and temperature measurements. All methods detected significant differences in net N mineralization rates between treated and control plots; P = 0.04, 0.007,0.001, and 0.07 for covered cores, buried bags, lab incubations, and lysimeters, respectively. Mean rates of N mineralization during the growing season were similar for the three soil incubation methods. The laboratory incubation of soil from treated plots produced significantly greater potential nitrification rates than the in situ methods. The four methods were not well correlated; this indicates the need for caution when comparing N transformation data derived from different methods. We conclude that the in situ covered core method is superior because it best incorporates site-specific soil temperature and moisture changes into N transformation measurements.

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Section: Treatment Effect Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…J. 59: (1995 1990; Hart and Firestone, 1989;Hill and Shackleton, 1989). However, these comparisons were limited by the number of methods tested or by the sites on which they were tested.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparison of Available Soil Nitrogen Assays in Control and Burned Forested Sites

Knoepp

Swank

1995

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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“…Perhaps the least anticipated finding was that ␦ 13 C and ␦ 15 N values exhibited significant year-to-year variation. The cause of this temporal fluctuation is unknown, but ␦ 15 N values of feathers may be indirectly influenced by factors such as soil nitrogen dynamics (38,39), water availability (40)(41)(42)(43)(44), and plant nitrogen storage strategies (45)(46)(47)(48)(49) that affect the isotopic composition of C 3 -based food webs. These processes are controlled to varying degrees by climatological parameters such as rainfall and temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable isotope signature of philopatry and dispersal in a migratory songbird

Graves

Romanek

Navarro

2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Stable isotope analysis is widely promoted as a practical method for tracing the geographic origins of migratory birds. However, the extent to which geospatial patterns of isotope ratios in avian tissues are influenced by age-specific, altitudinal, and temporal factors remains largely unexplored. We measured carbon ( 13 C͞ 12 C) and nitrogen ( 15 N͞ 14 N) isotope ratios in feathers of black-throated blue warblers (Dendroica caerulescens) breeding along a relatively steep altitudinal gradient in the Appalachian Mountains to evaluate the effects of altitude and year on the isotopic signatures of yearling (first breeding season) and older males (>2 years). Breeding males (n ‫؍‬ 302) collected during 7 consecutive years exhibited significant age-specific and altitudinal effects in ␦ 13 C values and age-specific and temporal effects in ␦ 15 N values. The ␦ 13 C values of older males increased with altitude at the rate of Ϸ1.3‰ per 1,000 m, suggesting a high degree of year-to-year philopatry to narrow altitudinal zones, if not to breeding territories. In contrast, absence of altitudinal patterns in yearlings most likely reflects natal dispersal. Carbon isotope variation (␦ 13 C ‫؍‬ ؊26.07 to ؊20.86‰) observed along a single altitudinal transect (755 m) nearly brackets the range of ␦ 13 C values recorded in feathers across the North American breeding range of the warbler from Georgia to New Brunswick (11°of latitude) and from New Brunswick to Michigan (22°of longitude). These data indicate that age-specific and altitudinal effects must be considered when using ␦ 13 C values to delineate the geographic origin of avian species with large altitudinal and latitudinal ranges.R ecognition that stable-isotope signatures of animal tissues can be used to study the trophic ecology (1-4), nutritional status (5-7), and geographic origins of animals (8-11) has lead to an explosive burst of research in what is arguably a new frontier in animal ecology (12, 13). Of particular interest, the linkage of breeding and wintering ranges of migratory songbird populations has been frustrated by the lack of populationspecific morphological and genetic markers, by the infinitesimally low recapture rates of marked birds, and because the majority of species are too small to carry powerful satellite transmitters. Recent analyses have shown that isotopic patterns in the feathers of migratory birds vary systematically across continental areas (8, 14-18), reflecting the natural variation of isotopes in food and water during the period of feather growth (19,20). Fully grown feathers are metabolically inert, and the isotopic composition of feathers, with the exception of exchangeable hydrogen, is believed to be fixed (8,(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). These studies suggest that a combination of isotopic tracers may eventually provide a potent and cost-effective method of linking breeding and wintering populations of most songbirds that breed at temperate latitudes.Despite the promise of stable isotope analysis in elucidating migratory dynamics and th...

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“…Nadelhoffer, Raison, Connell & Khanna, 1987;Adams et al, \9?,9a,b;Hill & Shackleton, 1989;Polglase, Attiwill & Adams, 1992 a). The rate of net mineralization of nitrogen is about equal to the rate of nitrogen return in above-ground litterfall over a range of eucalypt forests (Adams et al, 1989a;Polglase et al, 1992a).…”

Section: {B) Rates Of Mineralization In Forestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient cycling in forests

1993

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SUMMARY Studies of nutrient cycling in forests span more than 100 yr. In earlier years, most attention was given to the measurement of the pools of nutrients in plants and soil and of the return of nutrients from plant to soil in litterfall. The past 20 yr or so have seen a major concentration on the processes of nutrient cycling, with particular emphasis on those processes by which the supply of nutrients to the growing forest is sustained. In the more highly productive forests, up to 10 tonnes of litter of low nutritional quality is deposited annually on the forest floor. The decomposition of this litter, the mineralization of the nutrients it holds, and the uptake of nutrients by tree roots in the carbon‐rich environment which results are the themes of this review. Studies of decomposition of litter in forests have been dominated by the role of nitrogen as a limiting factor, a domination which reflects the preponderance of studies of temperate forests in the Northern Hemisphere. For many forests of the world growing on soils of considerable age, it seems more probable that growth and nutrient cycling are limited by phosphorus (or some other element). There is increasing evidence for a number of forests that phosphorus is immobilized in the first stages of decomposition to a significantly greater extent than is nitrogen. Advances in research will depend, as with studies of soil organic matter, in denning and developing analytical techniques for studying biologically active forms of potentially limiting nutrients, rather than total elemental concentrations. The availability of phosphorus in forests is sustained by phosphorus cycling. More than 50% of the total phosphorus in the surface soils is in organic forms and much of the more labile phosphorus is in the form of diesters. Phosphorus availability is determined by competition between biological and geochemical sinks, and it is clear that the sinks in the rhizosphere (plant roots, microorganisms, soil mineral and organic components) are extensively modified by active processes (e.g. production of exudates, nutrient storage in a variety of organic or polymeric forms and nutrient transport away from sites of uptake). There is abundant evidence that roots of many species exude compounds which have the ability to solubilize sources of phosphorus of otherwise low availability. The significance of root exudates (for example, phosphatases, organic acids) in the functioning of perennial ecosystems has yet to be quantified and there are conflicting reports as to the effects of simple organic acids on phosphorus availability. The distribution of phosphorus sinks and their relative competitiveness and their modification are topics of fundamental importance for future research. In contrast to the mineralization of phosphorus, our knowledge of transformations and availability of nitrogen in forest soils is well‐developed. Net nitrogen mineralization rates approximate rates of nitrogen return in litterfall but the contribution of nitrification is variable. Nitrification is ...

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Soil N mineralization and nitrification in relation to nitrogen solution chemistry in a small forested watershed

Cited by 59 publications

References 24 publications

Comparison of Available Soil Nitrogen Assays in Control and Burned Forested Sites

Comparison of Available Soil Nitrogen Assays in Control and Burned Forested Sites

Stable isotope signature of philopatry and dispersal in a migratory songbird

Nutrient cycling in forests

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