Soil moisture and water use by pastures and silvopastures in a sub-humid temperate climate in New Zealand

Pollock, K. M.; Mead, D. J.; McKenzie, B. A.

doi:10.1007/s10457-008-9172-z

Cited by 27 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The soil moisture removal in both episodes indicates that at points near the tree rows there was greater activity of the root system (possibly the trees) at deeper levels. Gyenge et al (2002) and Pollock et al (2009) report that silvopastoral systems have greater potential to exploit water resources, particularly deep moisture capture by the trees. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides the selection and use of shade-tolerant forage species, the level of competition in the silvopastoral system can be manipulated by the choice of tree species, tree density and arrangement of trees in relation to the sun and land relief, as well as by the use of silvicultural techniques for managing tree canopies and thinning (Pollock et al, 2009;Rozados-Lorenzo et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microclimate and soil moisture in a silvopastoral system in southeastern Brazil

et al. 2015

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In this study, the microclimate changes in silvopastoral systems are quantified at different time and spatial scales and compared with single-pasture systems. The study was conducted in a silvopastoral system in São Carlos, Brazil (22°01' South and 47°53' West). The silvopastoral system consisted of grass pastures [Urochloa (sin. Brachiaria) decumbens cv. Basilik] lined with strips of native trees spaced at 17 m. Continuous microclimate measurements (air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and incident photosynthetically active radiation) were carried out from September 2010 to September 2012 at two positions of the silvopastoral system (2.0 and 8.5 m from the rows of trees) and at a pasture under full sunlight, located in an adjacent area. The soil moisture was monitored weekly from 24 March 2010 to 1 April 2012 at distances of 0.0, 2.0, 4.75, and 8.5 m from the rows of trees. The rows of native trees reduced wind speeds (46% reduction) and changed the photosynthetically active radiation incidence pattern on the pasture (up to 40% reduction of incidence at the point nearest to the trees). The combined action of these factors promoted thermal and air humidity changes on the pasture at the different points measured. With respect to soil moisture, there was greater soil moisture removal at the sampling points near the rows of native trees under the silvopastoral system, mainly due to enhanced exploration by tree roots at greater depths in dry spells or early dry periods, when compared with the midpoints between the rows.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microclimate and soil moisture in a silvopastoral system in southeastern Brazil

et al. 2015

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“…Monthly rainfall at the experimental site was below the long-term means from April to May 1999 and from December 2000 to March 2001. Mean annual potential evapotranspiration is near 1000 mm so there are usually periods of severe soil moisture stress during the summer (Pollock et al 2009). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do light and alfalfa responses to cloth and slatted shade represent those measured under an agroforestry system?

et al. 2010

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Shade cloth is commonly used in agroforestry research. It produces a continuous, uniform reduced light environment. Shade cloth and a slatted structure were compared in relation to the inability to represent the light regime and plant responses of an agroforestry system. The split-split-plot randomised block experiment had main plots as covering status (with or without radiata pine trees), subplots as artificial shade (none, shade cloth or wooden slats) and sub-subplots as growth rotation, over sown alfalfa, in three replicates. The quantity of light transmittance was 49% under trees, 41% under cloth and 44% under slats. Temporal changes and spectral composition under trees were more accurately reproduced under the slats than shade cloth. The red to far red ratio was 0.64 under tree shade and 0.74 during the shaded period under slats. This compared with 1.31 in open pasture, 1.28 under shade cloth in open and 1.26 under slats during sunny periods. To compensate for low light quantity and quality, alfalfa had elongated stems and internodes. In open pasture and under cloth in the open, it produced short stems. The mean dry matter yield under trees was 68% of the 30.3 t ha -1 in open pasture, 56% under cloth and 57% under slats. The slats induced similar morphological responses in alfalfa to those in the agroforestry system. The magnitude of changes had little effect on growth and yield responses. The artificial slatted structure approximated the intermittent light environment and consequent plant responses observed in an agroforestry system.

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“…A separate paper compared the stand-level soil moisture content changes and water use by two pastures grown in the open and under the trees, plus under a no-understorey pine stands (Pollock et al 2008). Seasonal effects predominated and the differences in soil moisture content between treatments diminished after the fourth growing season.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of pasture understoreys and tree management on soil moisture under a young New Zealand stand of Pinus radiata

Pollock

Mead²

2008

Plant Soil

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Soil moisture content (SMC) and throughfall were monitored along transects between rows of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) planted at 7 m row spacing and grown with ryegrass/clover or lucerne pastures or with no understorey. SMC was recorded to 1 or 2 m depths for years 2-6 or 4-6, respectively. The predominant rainfall from the south-south-west (SSW) direction created rain shadows (60% of open pasture) on the northern sunny side of the trees. The rain shadows increased as the trees grew but their position were modified by stand pruning and thinning in years 4 and 5. SMC in the top meter showed strong positional effects with the lowest SMC under the tree crowns and on the northern side. There were strong seasonal patterns driven by high spring and summer evapotranspiration, modified by rain shadows and stand age. For the no-understorey treatment, SMC remained high midway between tree rows until the trees were 4 years old and started utilizing this moisture. For the two pasture understoreys, the difference in SMC between the north and south sides decreased with time after trees were thinned and pruned. In the no-understorey there was little difference between the two aspects. Understorey evapotranspiration and fine rooting patterns also helped explain soil moisture use patterns. No difference was detected between two contrasting radiata pine tree types. The effective rooting depth of the ryegrass/ clover understorey was <0.7 m while that of lucerne and trees were deeper. Alternative tree planting practices may reduce some of the negative effects of tree-understory moisture competition.

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Soil moisture and water use by pastures and silvopastures in a sub-humid temperate climate in New Zealand

Cited by 27 publications

References 32 publications

Microclimate and soil moisture in a silvopastoral system in southeastern Brazil

Microclimate and soil moisture in a silvopastoral system in southeastern Brazil

Do light and alfalfa responses to cloth and slatted shade represent those measured under an agroforestry system?

Influence of pasture understoreys and tree management on soil moisture under a young New Zealand stand of Pinus radiata

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