Soil Microbial Diversity and Antibiotic Resistance in Natural and Transformed Ecosystems

Abstract

Terrestrial ecosystems may provide an ideal setting for the acquisition and dissemination of antibiotic resistance, because they are frequently impacted by anthropogenic activities. The soil microbiome plays an important role in development and spread of antibiotic resistance in humans. The aim of our study was to detect the antibiotic resistance soil bacteria in different ecosystems: natural ecosystems, agroecosystems and urboecosystems. Were isolated 468 dominanting bacteria, among them 79 antibiotic resistant bacteria. All isolates were multi-drug resistant, of which greater than 74,5% were resistant to 9 antibiotics. A study of soil samples from the primeval forests showed that the microbial community characterized by a low content of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. Among 78 isolated bacteria only two of them Bacillus cereus, and Pantoea agglomerans demonstrated high level of resistance to antibiotics. A total 106 strains were isolated from the soil of medicinal plants, 13 of them were antibiotic-resistant. The greatest numbers of antibiotic-resistant bacteria have been isolated from soil of urboecosystems and agroecosystems contaminated by enrofloxacin. Among the 284 tested bacteria 64 were antibiotic resistant. Multi-resistance were such pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic bacteria as: Enterococcus faecium, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus licheniformis, Serratia fonticola, Hafnia alvei, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium and Clostridium difficile.

Antimicrobial Resistance: Challenges in Wartime - Ukrainian Perspective

“…Th e emergence of antibiotic resistance in all cases is determined genetically due to the acquisition of new genetic information or a change in gene expression levels. Many publications testify to the hidden danger of antibiotics to the environment and human health (Spellberg & Gilbert, 2014;von Wintersdorff et al, 2016;Molnar, 2019;Yao & Zhang, 2019;Symochko et al, 2019a;Symochko et al, 2019b;Uddin et al, 2021;World Health Organization, 2020;Agyeman et al, 2022;Nwobodo et al, 2022).…”

“…Water, particularly drinking water, contaminated with animal or human faces containing antibiotic-resistant bacteria is considered a key source of the spread of antibiotic resistance, antibiotic residues, and extracellular mobile genetic elements associated with antibiotic-resistant organisms and a source of new antibiotic resistance genes (Larsson & Flach, 2022). Urban and livestock wastewater, circulating water, and effl uents from antimicrobial drug manufacturing facilities are identifi ed as hotspots for antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes that spread into the environment and require special monitoring (Rizzo et al, 2013;Burgmann et al, 2018;Symochko et al, 2019a;Symochko et al, 2023).…”