Soil microbial biomass and respiration measurements: An automated technique based on infra-red gas analysis

Heinemeyer, Otto; Insam, Heribert; Kaiser, Ernst‐August; Walenzik, Gabriele

doi:10.1007/bf02214547

Cited by 303 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Basal respiration was determined by CO 2 evolution from sieved (Ø 2 mm), moist soil samples (50% of maximal WHC) at 22°C after a 6-h pre-incubation period with a continuous flow IRGA system (Heinemeyer et al 1989). Plastic tubes were filled with 100 g moist samples, and CO 2 production was measured hourly for 15 h under permanent humid air flow.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Substrate-induced volatile organic compound emissions from compost-amended soils

et al. 2010

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The agronomic effects of composts, mineral fertiliser and combinations thereof on chemical, biological and physiological soil properties have been studied in an 18-year field experiment. The present study aimed at tracing treatment effects by evaluating the volatile organic compound (VOC) emission of the differently treated soils: non-amended control, nitrogen fertilisation and composts (produced from organic waste and sewage sludge, respectively) in combination with nitrogen fertiliser. Microbial community structure was determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Aerobic and anaerobic soil VOC emission was determined after glucose amendment using proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). After inducing VOC production by substrate (glucose) addition and at the same time reducing oxygen availability to impair degradation of the produced VOCs, we were able to differentiate among the treatments. Organic waste compost did not alter the VOC emissions compared to the untreated control, whilst sewage sludge composts and mineral fertilisation showed distinct effects. This differentiation was supported by DGGE analysis of fungal 18S rDNA fragments and confirms earlier findings on bacterial communities. Three major conclusions can be drawn: (1) VOC patterns are able to discriminate among soil treatments.(2) Sewage sludge compost and mineral fertilisation have not only the strongest impact on microbial community composition but also on VOC emission patterns, but specific tracer VOCs could not be identified. (3) Future efforts should aim at a PTR-MS-linked identification of the detected masses.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Forty grams (DM) of moist soil was mixed with 1% (w/w) glucose (Anderson and Domsch 1978), and the substrate-induced CO 2 production rate was determined 6 h after glucose amendment (Heinemeyer et al 1989). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substrate-induced volatile organic compound emissions from compost-amended soils

et al. 2010

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“…The maximal initial response (CO 2 ) of the soil samples after the addition of an optimal concentration of glucose was analyzed with an infrared gas analyzer (Heinemeyer et al, 1989). Alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity (alkaline phosphatase; aPA) was determined according to Tabatabai and Bremner (1969) as described in detail by Alef and Nannipieri (1995 and NH 4 were measured by extracting the soil samples with a 0.01 M CaCl 2 solution before and after incubation.…”

Section: Soil Sampling and Analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐lasting impact of biowaste‐compost application in agriculture on soil‐quality parameters in three different crop‐rotation systems

Emmerling

Udelhoven

Schneider

2010

Z. Pflanzenernähr. Bodenk.

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Soil-quality parameters, such as soil organic matter (SOM) and plant-available nutrient contents, microbial properties, aggregate stability, and the amounts of heavy metals were carried out in arable soils of different rotation schedules applied with a total of 50 Mg dry mass ha -1 biowaste compost relative to an untreated control. This was investigated during a 10 y period from 1994 to 2004. Overall, soil-quality parameters studied appeared to be promoted by biowaste-compost application. This was evidenced for example by a remarkable increase of SOM and total N content of ≈ 15%-20% relative to the control. Subsequently, amounts of soil microbial biomass and alkaline phosphatase activity were significantly increased as well. In addition, biowaste-compost application revealed an increase of plant-available P and K contents and aggregate stability in soil. There was, however, no treatment effect for net N-mineralization rates. Moreover, in soils of maize and sugar beet rotation schedule a slight decrease was found. Heavy-metal contents of Pb and Zn were significantly increased in all compost-treated soils, whereas no significant increase of Cd and Cu contents was measured. However, the investigated amounts were far below of the limits of the German Biowaste Ordinance. It is finally recommended, that biowaste compost may sustain and improve soil quality in agriculture when N nutrition will be considered.

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“…The amount of respired CO 2 in the headspace of each bottle was determined by taking a 1-ml syringe sample. The CO 2 concentration was analyzed for each sample by using an infrared gas analyzer (Polytron IR CO 2 ; Dräger) in combination with a thermal flow meter (38). Carbon dioxide measurements were subtracted from the CO 2 basal production measurements and were expressed as micrograms of CO 2 per gram of soil per hour.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Exotic Legume Tree Species Acacia holosericea Alters Microbial Soil Functionalities and the Structure of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Community

Remigi

Faye

Kane

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The response of microbial functional diversity as well as its resistance to stress or disturbances caused by the introduction of an exotic tree species, Acacia holosericea, ectomycorrhized or not with Pisolithus albus, was examined. The results show that this ectomycorrhizal fungus promotes drastically the growth of this fastgrowing tree species in field conditions after 7 years of plantation. Compared to the crop soil surrounding the A. holosericea plantation, this exotic tree species, associated or not with the ectomycorrhizal symbiont, induced strong modifications in soil microbial functionalities (assessed by measuring the patterns of in situ catabolic potential of microbial communities) and reduced soil resistance in response to increasing stress or disturbance (salinity, temperature, and freeze-thaw and wet-dry cycles). In addition, A. holosericea strongly modified the structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus communities. These results show clearly that exotic plants may be responsible for important changes in soil microbiota affecting the structure and functions of microbial communities.Forest loss and degradation through human disturbance as well as deterioration of land productivity is a major problem in large areas of arid and semiarid environments. Degraded soils are characterized by loss or disturbance of the vegetation cover, increased soil erosion, decreased in-water infiltration, loss of available nutrients and organic matter, loss of microbial propagules, and/or diminution in microbial activity (25,35,44). Restoration of ecosystem health and productivity was traditionally achieved via abandonment of land and subsequent natural forest succession. In recent decades, management options for acceleration of the recovery and restoration of the productivity and biodiversity of disturbed ecosystems have been considered, since fallow periods have been shortened or eliminated due to increased anthropogenic pressure and agriculture intensification (49). Concerning the techniques used for rehabilitating degraded areas, there is increasing evidence that forest plantations can play a key role in ecosystem rehabilitation or restoration (52). Among candidate plantation species, fast-growing leguminous tree species (e.g., Australian Acacia species) should have preference.

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Soil microbial biomass and respiration measurements: An automated technique based on infra-red gas analysis

Cited by 303 publications

References 6 publications

Substrate-induced volatile organic compound emissions from compost-amended soils

Substrate-induced volatile organic compound emissions from compost-amended soils

Long‐lasting impact of biowaste‐compost application in agriculture on soil‐quality parameters in three different crop‐rotation systems

The Exotic Legume Tree Species Acacia holosericea Alters Microbial Soil Functionalities and the Structure of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Community

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