Soil microarthropods as indicators of soil quality of tropical home gardens in a village in Kerala, India

Gopakumar, Lakshmi; Joseph, Ammini

doi:10.1007/s10457-016-9941-z

“…According to Mindawati, Kosasih, and Heryati, (2006), planting several types of forest crops can improve soil fertility by increasing the number and activity of microorganisms, and increasing the number of functions in the soil. This condition was in line with research results conducted by Lakshmi and Ammini, (2016); Sudomo and Handayani, (2013); Rao, Nair, and Ong (1998) who stated that agroforestry could improve the biophysical condition of the soil and also improve soil fertility. Land was included as a cost component because it was acquired by purchase and became part of the investment in which the value of the land will increase at the end of the cycle.…”

Section: B Cost and Revenue Of Agroforestry Of Coffee With Marrango supporting

confidence: 90%

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS ON AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM OF COFFEE WITH MARRANGO TREE (Azadirachta excelsa Jack.) IN REJANG LEBONG REGENCY, BENGKULU PROVINCE, INDONESIA

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FINANCIAL ANALYSIS ON AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM OF COFFEE WITH MARRANGO TREE (Azadirachta excelsa Jack.) IN REJANG LEBONG REGENCY, BENGKULU PROVINCE, INDONESIA. Marrango tree (Azadirachta excelsa Jack.) has been introduced as a shade tree for coffee plantations that also produces valuable timber for construction and energy. This paper analyzed the financial aspect of an agroforestry system of marrango tree and coffee plantations, including observations of land management, costs and revenues, financial feasibility and sensitivity analysis. The study was conducted in Rejang Lebong Regency, Bengkulu Province through field observations and interviews. Data was collected through direct observations, household surveys and in-depth interviews of several key actors to deepen the information and verify the collected data. Descriptive quantitative and financial analyses were employed to analyze the data. The results showed that the land management of marrango tree and coffee plant agroforestry in Rejang Lebong Regency was conducted in the traditional way. However, the agroforestry system of coffee plants and marrango tree was financially feasible at the level of 8% discounted rate (NPV = 76,250,582 IDR; BCR = 2.28 and IRR = 22%). This agroforestry system also has good resistance to changes in coffee price, coffee production and marrango tree price. The agroforestry system remained feasible although if coffee production declined by 30% and timber production declined up to 30%. The changes in coffee production and price were the most influential factors on the feasibility of the agroforestry system. This agroforestry system is beneficial for the farmers. Hence, the local government should encourage the community to apply this system.

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“…This condition was in line with research results conducted by Lakshmi and Ammini, (2016); Sudomo and Handayani, (2013);Rao, Nair, and Ong (1998) who stated that agroforestry could improve the biophysical condition of the soil and also improve soil fertility. Land was included as a cost component because it was acquired by purchase and became part of the investment in which the value of the land will increase at the end of the cycle.…”

Section: B Cost and Revenue Of Agroforestry Of Coffee With Marrango supporting

confidence: 90%

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS ON AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM OF COFFEE WITH MARRANGO TREE (Azadirachta excelsa Jack.) IN REJANG LEBONG REGENCY, BENGKULU PROVINCE, INDONESIA

Premono

¹

,

Lestari

²

2018

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FINANCIAL ANALYSIS ON AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM OF COFFEE WITH MARRANGO TREE (Azadirachta excelsa Jack.) IN REJANG LEBONG REGENCY, BENGKULU PROVINCE, INDONESIA. Marrango tree (Azadirachta excelsa Jack.) has been introduced as a shade tree for coffee plantations that also produces valuable timber for construction and energy. This paper analyzed the financial aspect of an agroforestry system of marrango tree and coffee plantations, including observations of land management, costs and revenues, financial feasibility and sensitivity analysis. The study was conducted in Rejang Lebong Regency, Bengkulu Province through field observations and interviews. Data was collected through direct observations, household surveys and in-depth interviews of several key actors to deepen the information and verify the collected data. Descriptive quantitative and financial analyses were employed to analyze the data. The results showed that the land management of marrango tree and coffee plant agroforestry in Rejang Lebong Regency was conducted in the traditional way. However, the agroforestry system of coffee plants and marrango tree was financially feasible at the level of 8% discounted rate (NPV = 76,250,582 IDR; BCR = 2.28 and IRR = 22%). This agroforestry system also has good resistance to changes in coffee price, coffee production and marrango tree price. The agroforestry system remained feasible although if coffee production declined by 30% and timber production declined up to 30%. The changes in coffee production and price were the most influential factors on the feasibility of the agroforestry system. This agroforestry system is beneficial for the farmers. Hence, the local government should encourage the community to apply this system.

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“…Additionally, people can be provided with measurement kits so that the river quality would be monitored by those interested in its conservation. Also, biological indicator species such as nematodes (Šalamún et al, 2012), earthworms (Protopopov et al, 1999), microbes (Bosecker, 2001), and microarthropods (Lakshmi & Joseph, 2017) could serve to monitor the surrounding areas.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%