Soil ingestion rate determination in a rural population of Alberta, Canada practicing a wilderness lifestyle

Irvine, Graham; Doyle, James R.; White, Paul A.; Blais, Jules M.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.037

Cited by 29 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The soil concentration was the highest BaP equivalent concentration measured at Cold Lake (Figure 1), IR values were from Cold Lake soil ingestion study [22], and the exposure frequency is 153 days. The mean risk level is 1.82E-7, and the 95% risk level is 6.72E-7.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cancer risk to First Nations’ people from exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons near in-situ bitumen extraction in Cold Lake, Alberta

et al. 2014

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BackgroundThe Alberta oil sands are an important economic resource in Canada, but there is growing concern over the environmental and health effects as a result of contaminant releases and exposures. Recent studies have shown a temporal and spatial trend of increased polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in sediments and snowpack near the Athabasca oil sands operations (i.e., open pit mines), but thus far similar studies have not been done for the Cold Lake region where steam assisted gravity drainage (in situ) extraction is performed.MethodsMany PAHs are known mutagenic carcinogens, and this study measured soil and atmospheric concentrations of PAHs in the Cold Lake region to assess the excess lifetime cancer risk posed to the First Nations’ inhabitants of the region. Using both deterministic and probabilistic risk assessment methods, excess lifetime cancer risks were calculated for exposures from inhalation or inadvertent soil ingestion.ResultsThe mean excess cancer risk for First Nations’ people through ingestion who engage in traditional wilderness activities in the Cold Lake region was 0.02 new cases per 100,000 with an upper 95% risk level of 0.07 cases per 100,000. Exposure to PAHs via inhalation revealed a maximum excess lifetime cancer risk of less than 0.1 cases per 100,000.ConclusionsExcess lifetime risk values below 1 case per 100,000 is generally considered negligible, thus our analyses did not demonstrate any significant increases in cancer risks associated with PAH exposures for First Nations people inhabiting the Cold Lake region.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soil ingestion rates used to calculate the dose were determined through a First Nations soil ingestion study conducted over a 13 day period at Cold Lake [22]. Deterministic assessments to assess lifetime cancer risk through ingestion of soil were conducted using Eq.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer risk to First Nations’ people from exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons near in-situ bitumen extraction in Cold Lake, Alberta

et al. 2014

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“…Regarding the doses of reference published in the Integrated Risk Information System [25] of the United States for As (3 x 10 -4 mg/kg-d for oral exposure), and considering an ingestion of 32 mg soil/d [26], through a hand to mouth mechanism and considering a mean weight in Mexican male population of 77.7 kg [27], there is low potential risk to the population of Parral since the exposure is from 15 to 396 times smaller than the dose of reference. However, there is risk cancer through inhalation.…”

Section: Risk Estimation From Exposure To Bioaccessible Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policy Proposal for Metals Speciation in Tailings Contaminated Soils: A Case Study in Chihuahua, Mexico

et al. 2017

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This work is focused in studying the inclusion of chemical speciation in the characterization of mining tailings in Mexican regulation with a case study in Parral, Chihuahua, Mexico. In this site, high concentration of lead and arsenic in tailings located in the surroundings represent a high concern to the local population. The total concentration of Pb in the samples ranged from 78.03 ± 2.67 to 5748 ± 263.63 [mg kg<sup>-1</sup>] and from 5.49 ± 0.43 to 509.84 ± 40.18 [mg kg<sup>-1</sup>] for As. Chemical speciation was tested for samples that exceeded the limits of the Mexican Regulation using sequential extractions proposed by the Bureau Community of Reference (BCR) to obtain the distribution of lead and arsenic in four different fractions. The set of extractions consisted in the extractable/exchangeable fraction (F1), the reducible fraction (F2), the metals bound to organic matter and sulfides (F3) those under oxidizing conditions, and the residual fraction (RF). The results show that 70% of lead is found in F1 and F2 fractions while 20% is found in F3 fraction. In case of arsenic, 60% is found in residual fraction, 25% in fraction F3 and less than 15% in fractions F1 and F2.

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“…Then, the SIR for each subject over the study period is calculated using the median of the SIRs estimated by four tracers with the lowest F/S ratios. Recently, Doyle and colleagues used a higher number of tracers, including radionuclides, to quantify a child’s SIR with the tracer mass-balance method ( Doyle et al 2012a ; Irvine et al 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimates of Soil Ingestion in a Population of Chinese Children

Lin

Wang

Cui

et al. 2017

Environ Health Perspect

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Background:China’s soil pollution poses serious health risks. However, data regarding the soil ingestion rate (SIR) of the Chinese population, which is critical to assessing associated health risks, are lacking.Objectives:We estimated soil ingestion of 177 Chinese children from Guangdong, Hubei, and Gansu Provinces.Methods:We conducted this investigation by employing a tracer mass-balance method. We collected a duplicate of all food consumed and all feces and urine excreted on 1 d (n=153) and over 3 consecutive d (n=24), as well as soil samples from play areas and drinking-water samples. We analyzed concentrations of the tracer elements Al, Ba, Ce, Mn, Sc, Ti, V, and Y in these samples using ICP-AES and ICP-MS and estimated the SIR for each subject.Results:The estimated SIR data based on each tracer element were characterized by a skewed distribution, as well as higher inter-tracer and inter-subject variation, with several outliers. After removing the outliers, daily SIR median (range) values in milligrams per day were Al, 27.8 (−42.0 to 257.3); Ba, 36.5 (−230.3 to 412.7); Ce, 35.3 (−21.2 to 225.8); Mn, 146.6 (−1259.4 to 1827.7); Sc, 54.8 (−4.5 to 292.0); Ti, 36.7 (−233.7 to 687.0); V, 92.1 (10.4 to 308.0); and Y, 59.1 (−18.4 to 283.0). Daily SIR median/95th percentile (range) values based on the best tracer method (BTM) were 51.7/216.6 (−9.5 to 297.6) mg/d.Conclusions:Based on the BTM, recommended SIR values for the general population of Chinese children (2.5 to 12 years old) are 52mg/d for the central tendency and 217mg/d for the upper percentile. We did not differentiate between outside soil and indoor dust. Considering the lower concentration of tracer elements in indoor dust than outside soil, actual soil and dust ingestion rates could be higher. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP930

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Soil ingestion rate determination in a rural population of Alberta, Canada practicing a wilderness lifestyle

Cited by 29 publications

References 37 publications

Cancer risk to First Nations’ people from exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons near in-situ bitumen extraction in Cold Lake, Alberta

Cancer risk to First Nations’ people from exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons near in-situ bitumen extraction in Cold Lake, Alberta

Policy Proposal for Metals Speciation in Tailings Contaminated Soils: A Case Study in Chihuahua, Mexico

Estimates of Soil Ingestion in a Population of Chinese Children

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