Soil Infections of Grain Crops with the Use of The Resource-saving Technologies in Western Siberia, Russia

Abstract

The aim of the research was to study the effect of resource-saving technologies in the cultivation of spring wheat and barley in several regions of Western Siberia on the distribution and taxonomic composition of root rot pathogens, as well as the evaluation of protective measures efficiency. In the context of the resource-saving technologies of crop cultivation in Western Siberia, root rot became of particular relevance; the development of root rot exceeds the thresholds by up to 5-7 times, especially in the first half of the growing season. We identified substantial changes in the taxonomic composition of the pathogen complex of root rot towards expansion of the plant pathogens range by fungi of the Pythium genus and strengthening of the Fusarium genus fungi domination. There is a tendency of the ecological niches of plant pathogens spreading in organs of plants: B.sorokiniana better adapted to topsoil organs and the Fusarium genus fungi-to the underground ones. We identified environmental factors with the greatest impact on strengthening and spreading of the root rot pathogenesis: high number of intra-stem pests, which exceeds the threshold by 2-3 times, contamination of crops with cereal weeds-reserves of root rot pathogens, as well as low microbiological activity and soil suppressive qualities caused by a short growing season and lack of plant residues. We studied the efficiency of improvement methods for the phytosanitary condition of soil and underground plant organs of spring wheat and barley through the introduction of phytosanitary crop rotation and preceding crops, seed treatment and technologies to improve plant resistance in the initial phases of development.

Soil health is the basis of organic agriculture

“…The question of biodiversity and soil health have not been covered in the past 10 years. In this direction, scientists from Russian organizations work independently and in collaboration with foreign colleagues (Moscow State University [10][11][12], Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology [11,12], Russian State Agrarian University -MAA named after K. A. Timiryazev [11], All-Russian Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology [13], Saint Petersburg State University [13], Novosibirsk State Agricultural University [12,14], Altai Research Institute of Agriculture [14], Chernyshevskii Saratov State University [15], A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution [16], Kazan Federal University [17]).…”

Some aspects of the distribution of Fusarium on cereals of Russia

“…The use of technology while minimizing the mechanical impact on soil and short crop rotations has led to expressive dynamics of root rot in agriculture of Russia (Wagacha and Muthomi, 2007;Toropova et al, 2015). Thus there were noted the highly toxic and invasive species of F. sporotrichioides (Sherb.…”