“…Furthermore, the temporal variability of the soil water content can be characterized from time-lapse measurements. For instance, GPR data can be collected during artificial experiments (e.g., infiltration, runoff, drainage, imbibition) that can provide interesting information on the flow characteristics (e.g., Saintenoy et al, 2008;Moysey, 2010;Scholer et al, 2011;Busch et al, 2013;Jonard et al, 2015;Jaumann and Roth, 2018;Léger et al, 2014;2020). Note however that the hydraulic properties estimated from GPR data are subject to an inherent compromise between a deep investigation and a fine spatial resolution.…”