Soil heavy metals contamination and ecological risk assessment in Rohtak urban area, Haryana (India)

Panghal, V.P.S.; Singh, Asha; Kumar, Rohit; Kumari, G.K.A.; Kumar, Pradeep; Kumar, Sunil

doi:10.1007/s12665-021-10028-7

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The potential ecological RI method is an internationally recognized method widely used for the evaluation of soil heavy metal pollution [ 23 ]. It combines environmental chemistry, biotoxicology, and ecology to quantitatively classify the degree of potential heavy metal hazard [ 24 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal in Farmlands and Crops Near Pb–Zn Mine Tailing Ponds in Niujiaotang, China

Han

Tian

et al. 2023

Toxics

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To accurately evaluate the pollution and risk of heavy metals in crops and farmlands near mines, we determined the contents of Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, Pb, and Zn in 10 farmland soil sampling sites and six crops (pak choi, rice, spring onion, radish, Chinese cabbage, Chrysanthemum coronarium) in an area near the Niujiaotang Pb–Zn mine in Duyun City, China. Four evaluation methods were compared, including the potential ecological hazard index, Nemeiro comprehensive pollution assessment, risk assessment code, and the ratio of secondary phase to primary phase methods. The average concentration of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn exceeded the soil environmental background levels in Niujiaotang and Guizhou Province. Cd exceeded the standard substantially, and Zn pollution accumulation was the most evident. Heavy metal contamination of crops was in the order pak choi > Chinese cabbage > spring onion > paddy > radish > Chrysanthemum coronarium, whereas heavy metal concentration in crops were in the order Zn > As > Cr > Cd > Ni > Pb. The levels of all heavy metals except Cu exceeded Chinese food hygiene standards. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic chemicals in crops present significant risks to adults and children. Risk evaluation considering the morphological contents of heavy metals rather than their total concentration was more accurate for environmental quality assessment of agricultural soils. Samples should be collected at different times to study the spatial and temporal distribution, and further studies on the migration transformation of heavy metals between the tailings pond-soil-crop should be conducted.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal in Farmlands and Crops Near Pb–Zn Mine Tailing Ponds in Niujiaotang, China

Han

Tian

et al. 2023

Toxics

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“…The potential ecological RI method is an internationally recognized method widely used for the evaluation of soil heavy metal pollution (Panghal et al 2021). It combines environmental chemistry, biotoxicology, and ecology to quantitatively classify the degree of potential heavy metal hazard (Xianfei et al 2021).…”

Section: Potential Ecological Risk Index (Ri) Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metal pollution of farmlands and crops near Pb–Zn mine tailing ponds: a case study in Niujiaotang, China

Han

Tian

et al. 2022

Preprint

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To accurately evaluate the pollution and risk of heavy metals in crops and farmlands near mines, we determined the contents of Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, Pb, and Zn in 10 farmland soil sampling sites and six crops (pak choi, rice, spring onion, radish, Chinese cabbage, Chrysanthemum coronarium) in an area near the Niujiaotang Pb–Zn mine in Duyun City, China. Four evaluation methods were compared, including the potential ecological hazard index, Nemeiro comprehensive pollution assessment, risk assessment code, and the ratio of secondary phase to primary phase methods. The average concentration of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn exceeded the soil environmental background levels in Niujiaotang and Guizhou Province. Cd exceeded the standard substantially, and Zn pollution accumulation was the most evident. Heavy metal contamination of crops was in the order pak choi > Chinese cabbage > spring onion > paddy > radish > Chrysanthemum coronarium, whereas heavy metal concentration in soils were in the order Zn > As > Cr > Cd > Ni > Pb. The levels of all heavy metals except Cu exceeded Chinese food hygiene standards. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic chemicals in crops present significant risks to adults and children. Risk evaluation considering the morphological contents of heavy metals rather than their total concentration was more accurate for environmental quality assessment of agricultural soils.

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“…The Geoaccumulation index was proposed by Müller (1969) and provides a qualitative assessment of heavy metal contamination on soil pollution (Panghal et al, 2021). This index is one of the widely used indexes to determine soil pollution and represents soil contamination in the top layer of the soil.…”

Section: Geoaccumulation Index (I Geo )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resource conundrum in Mongolia: Soil contamination from coal and copper–molybdenum mining

Sodnomdarjaa,

Knippertz,

Karthe

et al. 2024

Soil Use and Management

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Soil contamination and the resulting ecological disturbances are a common phenomenon in mining areas, including the vicinities of the largest and oldest open‐pit mining areas in Mongolia. In this work, the potential ecological risk index (RI), Nemerow integrated pollution index (PIN), and Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) were used to estimate the level of soil contamination with Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cr, and Pb in the top layer of the soils around Baganuur coal mine and Erdenet copper–molybdenum mine. Three different analytical methods were used: portable X‐ray fluorescence (pXRF) for the first assessment of samples, and stationary X‐ray fluorescence and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy for the confirmation of results in the laboratory. Even though general contamination levels in both study areas were relatively low, some potentially toxic elements were found at contents several times higher than the maximum permissible level (MPL) according to the national standard of Mongolia. In the Baganuur area, Zn was up to 2.8 and As was up to 3.00 times higher, while in the Erdenet area, As was up to 2.4, Cr was up to 1.7, Cu was up to 8.1, and Zn was up to 1.2 times higher than MPL of the national standard in the vicinity to the mining and industrial area. The estimation of the pXRF measurement had generally similar results to the other two laboratory methods based on spatial distributions of heavy metal content. Among the different geochemical indices, the PIN showed a more accurately distinguished spatial distribution of contamination. For example, highly contaminated areas were found in the vicinity of the open pit, the tailings pond and the industrial area based on PIN results: 3.6%–4.9% of the total area in Baganuur and 3.1%–4.9% of the total area in Erdenet. The identified pollution levels emphasize the essential need for soil rehabilitation in mining areas, a key factor for Mongolia's economic development and environmental stability. In addition, the lack of documented soil rehabilitation initiatives underscores the pressing need for enhanced environmental responsibility in the country's expanding mining sector.

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Soil heavy metals contamination and ecological risk assessment in Rohtak urban area, Haryana (India)

Cited by 13 publications

References 34 publications

Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal in Farmlands and Crops Near Pb–Zn Mine Tailing Ponds in Niujiaotang, China

Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal in Farmlands and Crops Near Pb–Zn Mine Tailing Ponds in Niujiaotang, China

Characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metal pollution of farmlands and crops near Pb–Zn mine tailing ponds: a case study in Niujiaotang, China

Resource conundrum in Mongolia: Soil contamination from coal and copper–molybdenum mining

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