Soil gas surveying of chlorinated solvents in relation to groundwater pollution studies

Bishop, P. K.; Burston, M. W.; Lerner, David N.; Eastwood, P. R.

doi:10.1144/gsl.qjeg.1990.023.03.07

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The soil gas sampling apparatus designed for the Coventry investigation has been described in detail by Bishop et al (1990) and is depicted schematically in Fig. 3(a).…”

Section: Soil Gas Surveyingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4(c)) being placed adjacent to major saturated sandstone units, and two gas samplers ( Fig. 4(d)) being placed adjacent to sandstone units in the vadose zone (see Bishop et al 1991). Bentonite layers (1 m thick) were emplaced in the annulus using a tremmie pipe to form the hydraulic seals between sampler ports ( Fig.…”

Section: Drilling and Borehole Completionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The methods generally involved the use of several small-diameter submersible pumps in a single borehole together with packers and various gas-driven sampling devices. The methods have been described in detail by Bishop et al (1992) and can be divided into two broad categories:…”

Section: Testing Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Standard analytical methods were used for soil gas and groundwater solvent analysis in the Coventry study, as described by Bishop et al (1990) and . At Sawston, the soft friable nature of the Chalk allowed a method to be developed to analyse solvent profiles in pore water.…”

Section: Testing Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of point source pollution by chlorinated solvents in two different geologies: a multi-layered Carboniferous sandstone-mudstone sequence and the Chalk

Bishop¹,

Lerner²,

Stuart³

1998

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Two investigations of point source chlorinated solvent pollution of groundwater from very different settings are described: an industrial site in Coventry underlain by a multi-layered Carboniferous sandstone-mudstone sequence, and a village site (Sawston) underlain by Chalk in rural eastern England. The investigations are probably two of the most comprehensive studies of point source pollution by solvents in the UK. Both followed a phased approach with key elements being soil gas surveys, and definition of vertical pollution profiles through development of multi-level groundwater sampling and pore-water extraction techniques. The studies identified very significant contamination by chlorinated solvents, trichloroethene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane in the case of the Coventry site, and tetrachloroethene in the case of the Sawston site. The non-aqueous solvent phase was not detected at either site. The main similarities and differences between the studies are brought out, and the successes and failures of the studies discussed. The main successes are considered to be the development of effective soil gas and pore-water sampling methods, and sampling methods for determining vertical variations in groundwater quality. The main failures are considered to be the occurrence of cross-contamination at the Coventry site and the failure to accurately define pollution plumes. An ideal methodology is presented for future investigations, involving a phased approach maximizing the quality of information gained in each phase and preventing cross-contamination.Society, London, Special Publications, 128, 229-252.

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“…The soil gas sampling apparatus designed for the Coventry investigation has been described in detail by Bishop et al (1990) and is depicted schematically in Fig. 3(a).…”

Section: Soil Gas Surveyingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Drilling and Borehole Completionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Testing Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Testing Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of point source pollution by chlorinated solvents in two different geologies: a multi-layered Carboniferous sandstone-mudstone sequence and the Chalk

Bishop¹,

Lerner²,

Stuart³

1998

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“…Les résultats montrent que ce transfert de masse peut être important et dépend des paramètres expérimentaux comme le gradient de concentrations dans la frange capillaire (BARBER et al, 1990), le degré d'hétérogénéité du milieu (BISHOP et al, 1990), la vitesse et la dispersivité verticale du milieu (McCARTHY et JOHNSON, 1993), les fluctuations du toit de la nappe (THOMSON et al, 1997). Sur le site réel de Borden (base militaire canadienne), plusieurs études ont été effectuées afin de déterminer les principaux processus intervenant dans le transport des vapeurs dans la zone non saturée (CONANT et al, 1996;HUGHES et al, 1992) et de localiser la source de pollution ainsi que le panache des traces dissoutes dans la nappe à partir des mesures de concentrations en polluants dans la zone non saturée (RIVETT, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Transport avec échange gazeux du trichloroéthylène vers une nappe aquifère

Jellali

Razakarisoa

2006

rseau

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Deux expériences ont été réalisées sur un site expérimental contrôlé de dimensions décamétriques reconstituant un aquifère alluvial. L’originalité de ce travail est basée sur le fait que cette plate-forme expérimentale permet de rendre compte du rôle de la frange capillaire dans les phénomènes de transfert, ce qui est difficilement accessible sur des systèmes réduits de laboratoire ou dans les investigations sur site réel. L’objectif principal est l’évaluation quantitative des mécanismes de transfert de Composés Organiques Volatils (COV) depuis la zone non saturée vers la nappe dans le cas d’une source de pollution localisée en zone non saturée. Le cas du transport du trichloroéthylène (TCE) a été abordé où une analyse comparative du transfert du TCE depuis la zone non saturée vers la nappe via la frange capillaire est présentée en étudiant les deux mécanismes : dispersion et dissolution. Dans la première expérience, la dispersion passive de la pollution par les vapeurs depuis la zone non saturée vers la nappe via la frange capillaire est étudiée. Dans la seconde expérience, l’impact sur la pollution de la nappe du lessivage des vapeurs par une pluie contrôlée est quantifié. Les résultats montrent que la dispersion passive des vapeurs peut causer une pollution significative de l’eau de la nappe, et ce, malgré la lenteur du processus de diffusion dans la partie inférieure de la frange capillaire suffisamment saturée en eau. Le lessivage des vapeurs par la pluie provoque une pollution de nappe plus importante et plus étendue. La quantification des flux de pollution partant de la zone non saturée vers la nappe a été réalisée dans la première expérience en se servant de la méthode de JOHNSON et PANKOW (1992), et du code de calcul (Hydrus) dans la seconde expérience. Les résultats expérimentaux et analytiques mettent en évidence, d’une part, le rôle d’écran joué par la frange capillaire contre le transfert de la pollution vers la nappe, et d’autre part, l’augmentation significative du degré et de l’étendue de la pollution de la nappe en cas de lessivage des vapeurs par les eaux de pluie.Two large-scale experiments were conducted on a controlled artificial aquifer referred to as SCERES (Site Contrôlé Expérimental de Recherche pour la Réhabilitation des Eaux et des Sols: 25 x 12 x 3 m). The experimental tool SCERES was completely buried in the subsurface in order to get stable temperature conditions in the aquifer. The hydraulic gradient, flow rate, visualization of the water table and water sampling were managed and monitored in two technical pits located at the upstream and downstream ends of the SCERES basin. It was packed with a main layer of uniform quartz sand and a 0.5 m-deep drainage layer at the bottom of the basin having hydraulic conductivities of 8 x 10‑4 and 6 x 10‑3 m/s respectively. The quartz sand had a mean grain diameter of 0.45 mm, a total porosity of 0.4 and a uniformity coefficient of 2.1; its longitudinal dispersivity was determined in laboratory column experiments to be approximately 1 mm. The aqu...

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Using pre-screening methods for an effective and reliable site characterization at megasites

Algreen

Kalisz

Stalder

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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This paper illustrates the usefulness of pre-screening methods for an effective characterization of polluted sites. We applied a sequence of site characterization methods to a former Soviet military airbase with likely fuel and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) contamination in shallow groundwater and subsoil. The methods were (i) phytoscreening with tree cores; (ii) soil gas measurements for CH4, O2, and photoionization detector (PID); (iii) direct-push with membrane interface probe (MIP) and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) sensors; (iv) direct-push sampling; and (v) sampling from soil and from groundwater monitoring wells. Phytoscreening and soil gas measurements are rapid and inexpensive pre-screening methods. Both indicated subsurface pollution and hot spots successfully. The direct-push sensors yielded 3D information about the extension and the volume of the subsurface plume. This study also expanded the applicability of tree coring to BTEX compounds and tested the use of high-resolution direct-push sensors for light hydrocarbons. Comparison of screening results to results from conventional soil and groundwater sampling yielded in most cases high rank correlation and confirmed the findings. The large-scale application of non- or low-invasive pre-screening can be of help in directing and focusing the subsequent, more expensive investigation methods. The rapid pre-screening methods also yielded useful information about potential remediation methods. Overall, we see several benefits of a stepwise screening and site characterization scheme, which we propose in conclusion.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11356-015-4649-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Soil gas surveying of chlorinated solvents in relation to groundwater pollution studies

Cited by 24 publications

References 20 publications

Investigation of point source pollution by chlorinated solvents in two different geologies: a multi-layered Carboniferous sandstone-mudstone sequence and the Chalk

Investigation of point source pollution by chlorinated solvents in two different geologies: a multi-layered Carboniferous sandstone-mudstone sequence and the Chalk

Transport avec échange gazeux du trichloroéthylène vers une nappe aquifère

Using pre-screening methods for an effective and reliable site characterization at megasites

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