Soil Fungi Respond More Strongly than Fine Roots to Elevated CO2 in a Model Regenerating Longleaf Pine-Wiregrass Ecosystem

McCormack, M. Luke; Pritchard, Seth G.; Breland, Sabrie; Davis, Michael A.; Runion, G. Brett; Mitchell, Robert J.; Rogers, H. H.

doi:10.1007/s10021-010-9360-3

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The resistance may be due to the hydrophobic surfaces, as well as the relatively low surface area-tovolume ratio compared to undifferentiated or diffuse hyphae. Interestingly, McCormack et al (2010) found that larger diameter rhizomorphs had shorter persistence times than those with smaller diameters which is counterintuitive because smaller diameters would lead to more surface area exposed to decomposers and increased decomposition rates. These longer persistence times of the smaller diameter rhizomorphs could be the result of differences in lifespan and/or dormancy of these structures among functionally different species, which could not be identified in the study.…”

Section: Rhizomorphs Cords and Matsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While similar in function, fungal cords are constructed from simple diffuse mycelium that subsequently aggregates after some time to form cord like structures. Rhizomorphs and cord structures may persist for months to years, indicating a possible resistance to decomposition (Treseder et al, 2005;Pritchard et al, 2008;McCormack et al, 2010). The resistance may be due to the hydrophobic surfaces, as well as the relatively low surface area-tovolume ratio compared to undifferentiated or diffuse hyphae.…”

Section: Rhizomorphs Cords and Matsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, there is potential for a species' litter decomposition to be controlled largely by location in the soil profile. For example, there are slower turnover and decomposition rates of root litter at deeper depths in the soil profile (Gill and Burke, 2002;Joslin et al, 2006;McCormack et al, 2010). Recently, Schweigert et al (2015) traced the fate of 13 C-labeled Laccaria bicolor biomass amendments in an in vitro soil bioreactor experiment.…”

Section: Physical and Spatial Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The decomposition of ectomycorrhizal fungal necromass

Fernandez¹,

Langley

Chapman

et al. 2016

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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172

109

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a b s t r a c tThe turnover of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal biomass represents a significant input into forest carbon (C) and nutrient cycles. Given the size of these fluxes, understanding the factors that control the decomposition of this necromass will greatly improve understanding of C and nutrient cycling in ecosystems. Recent research has highlighted the considerable variation in the decomposition rates of EM fungal necromass, and patterns from this research are beginning to emerge. In this article we review the research that has examined both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that control the decomposition of EM fungal necromass and propose additional factors that may strongly influence EM fungal necromass decomposition and ecosystem properties. We argue that, as with most plant litters, the stoichiometry (C:N) of EM necromass is an important factor governing decomposition, but its role is modulated by the nature of the C and N in the tissue. In particular, melanin concentration appears to negatively influence the quality of EM fungal necromass much as lignin does in plant litters. Other intrinsic factors such as the morphology of the mycelium may also play a large role and suggest this as a focus for future research. Extrinsic factors, such as decomposer community activity and physical protection by soil, are also likely to be important in governing the decomposition of ectomycorrhizal necromass in situ. Finally, we highlight the potential importance of EM fungal necromass diversity and abundance in influencing terrestrial biogeochemical cycles. Understanding the factors that control the decomposition of EM necromass will then improve the predictive power of next-generation terrestrial biosphere models.

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Section: Rhizomorphs Cords and Matsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rhizomorphs Cords and Matsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical and Spatial Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The decomposition of ectomycorrhizal fungal necromass

Fernandez¹,

Langley

Chapman

et al. 2016

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

Self Cite

172

109

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show abstract

“…However, other authors also classify sugars given to mycorrhizal fungi in exchange for soil nutrients or water as root exudates. Here, turnover rates may range from days to months for fungal hyphae (Godbold et al, 2006) or months to years for mycorrhizal tips and rhizomorphs (Pritchard et al, 2008b;McCormack et al, 2010). The amount of C allocated to mycorrhizal fungi is also substantially greater than that allocated to other exudates and may be as high as that allocated directly to roots (Wallander et al, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of four ecological models to adjustments in fine root turnover rate

McCormack

Crisfield

Raczka

et al. 2015

Ecological Modelling

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A B S T R A C TLarge uncertainties surrounding root-specific parameters limit model descriptions of belowground processes and ultimately hinder understanding of belowground carbon (C) dynamics and terrestrial biogeochemistry. Despite this recognized shortcoming, it is unclear which processes warrant attention in model development, given the computational cost of additional model complexity. Here, we tested the sensitivity of four models to adjustments in fine root turnover in forested systems: CENTURY, ED2, MC1, and LANDCARB. In general, faster root turnover rates resulted in lower total system carbon (C) and within model changes ranged from 1% to 38% following 100-year simulations. However, the underlying mechanisms driving these changes differed among models as some expressed lower net primary productivity (NPP) with faster turnover rates and others had similar NPP but large shifts in C allocation away from wood to fine roots. Based on these findings we expect that different model responses to changes in fine root turnover will be determined by (1) whether C is allocated to fine roots as fixed portion of NPP or to maintain a fixed biomass ratio between fine roots and leaves or stems and (2) whether soil nutrient and water uptake is a function of both resource availability and fine root biomass or based on resource availability alone. These results suggest that better constrained estimates of fine root turnover will represent a valuable improvement in many terrestrial biosphere models.

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“…Plants provide carbon compounds to mycorrhizal fungi in return for enhanced water and nutrient uptake (McCormack et al 2010). Soil fungi provide a sink for carbon fi xed through photosynthesis and could therefore be important for helping plants maintain high carbon uptake rates under elevated CO 2 (McCormack et al 2010).…”

Section: Mutualisms-pollination and Mycorrhizal Associationsmentioning

confidence: 99%