Soil fauna responses to natural disturbances, invasive species, and global climate change: Current state of the science and a call to action

Coyle, David R.; Nagendra, Uma J.; Taylor, Melanie K.; Campbell, John H.; Cunard, Chelsea E.; Joslin, Aaron H.; Mundepi, Abha; Phillips, Carly; Callaham, Mac A.

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.03.008

Cited by 167 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 277 publications

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“…Our synthesis revealed two major knowledge gaps: 1) the biotic mechanisms by which soil food webs are influenced by fire and, 2) approaches to studying the responses of soil biota to fire in the context of global change. As with much of the soil ecology literature (Coyle et al ), there is a clear gap in our understanding of how higher trophic levels respond to fire (Zaitsev et al ). It is necessary to consider taxa in higher trophic levels and how they interact with primary consumers and the rest of the food web when seeking to understand shifts in ecosystem function to fire.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the focus on microorganisms has precluded a comprehensive view of entire soil biological communities and their functions to fire (Zaitsev et al ). Disturbances can exert positive, negative, and neutral effects on soil organisms that are often species specific (Coyle et al ). From the resistance and resilience framework (Holling , Holling and Gunderson ), resistant soil communities might exhibit a neutral response to a perturbation and maintain their biomass, abundance, and composition after disturbance while resilient communities change due to disturbance but return to their original structure after some period of time (Allison and Martiny ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Belowground community responses to fire: meta‐analysis reveals contrasting responses of soil microorganisms and mesofauna

Pressler

Moore

Cotrufo

2018

Oikos

191

152

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Global fire regimes are shifting due to climate and land use changes. Understanding the responses of belowground communities to fire is key to predicting changes in the ecosystem processes they regulate. We conducted a comprehensive meta‐analysis of 1634 observations from 131 empirical studies to investigate the effect of fire on soil microorganisms and mesofauna. Fire had a strong negative effect on soil biota biomass, abundance, richness, evenness, and diversity. Fire reduced microorganism biomass and abundance by up to 96%. Bacteria were more resistant to fire than fungi. Fire reduced nematode abundance by 88% but had no significant effect on soil arthropods. Fire reduced richness, evenness and diversity of soil microorganisms and mesofauna by up to 99%. We found little evidence of temporal trends towards recovery within 10 years post‐disturbance suggesting little resilience of the soil community to fire. Interactions between biome, fire type, and depth explained few of these negative trends. Future research at the intersection of fire ecology and soil biology should aim to integrate soil community structure with the ecosystem processes they mediate under changing global fire regimes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Belowground community responses to fire: meta‐analysis reveals contrasting responses of soil microorganisms and mesofauna

Pressler

Moore

Cotrufo

2018

Oikos

191

152

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“…Compared with the well‐known geographic patterns in the diversity and abundance of aboveground organisms (Hillebrand, 2004; Mannion, Upchurch, Benson, & Goswami, 2014), the geographic patterns of belowground organisms are relatively understudied (but see Decaëns, 2010; Hendershot, Read, Henning, Sanders, & Classen, 2017; Maraun, Schatz, & Scheu, 2007). Because of the important interactions between aboveground and belowground processes, a better understanding of geographic patterns of belowground organisms is needed (Fierer, Strickland, Liptzin, Bradford, & Cleveland, 2009; Lu, He, Ding, & Siemann, 2018; van der Putten, 2012; Wilschut et al, 2019), especially in light of multiple global change factors (Bardgett & Wardle, 2010; Coyle et al, 2017) that may perturb both aboveground and belowground communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting latitudinal clines of nematode diversity in Spartina alterniflora salt marshes between native and introduced ranges

Zhang

et al. 2020

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim Introduced species may display or foster novel latitudinal clines because they are not well adapted to their new habitats. We tested the hypothesis that the latitudinal cline in nematode diversity in salt marshes would differ between the native (United States) and introduced (China) ranges of Spartina alterniflora. Location East Coasts of the United States (30.32–43.33°N) and China (30.36–39.14°N). Methods We extracted nematodes from soil samples collected at 32 sites along the United States East Coast and 41 sites along the Chinese coast. We compared latitudinal patterns in nematode diversity and composition between the native and introduced ranges. Results In the native range of S. alterniflora, nematode richness at lower latitudes was almost twice as high as that at higher latitudes. In contrast, we found no latitudinal pattern in nematode richness or diversity in the introduced range of S. alterniflora. Nematode genus richness at all sites in China was about half that at lower latitudes in the United States. Beta diversity of nematodes increased with geographic distance in the United States, but not China. Main conclusions Nematode diversity did not show latitudinal clines in salt marshes dominated by introduced S. alterniflora in China. A likely explanation is that the recently introduced populations are still relatively genetically homogenous, whereas in the native range, genetic variation in plant populations across latitude drives different nematode communities. We suggest that future studies of introduced species will gain additional insights by taking an explicitly geographic perspective.

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“…The responses of these micro‐arthropods to environmental manipulations are complex (Coyle et al. ) because micro‐arthropod communities are simultaneously linked to vegetation (Coulson et al. , Mitchell et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Arctic and alpine ecosystems, where soil macrofauna (e.g., earthworms) is often absent, micro-arthropods, such as Collembola (springtails) and Acari (mites), are a conspicuous and ubiquitous component of soil fauna. The responses of these micro-arthropods to environmental manipulations are complex (Coyle et al 2017) because micro-arthropod communities are simultaneously linked to vegetation (Coulson et al 2003, Mitchell et al 2016, to food availability (many soil micro-arthropods are fungivorous or bacterivorous species), and to microclimatic conditions (Coulson et al 1996, Hodkinson et al 1998, Sjursen et al 2005. On the species level, responses of micro-arthropods are likely to be trait-dependent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legacy effects of experimental environmental change on soil micro‐arthropod communities

et al. 2020

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Global change experiments such as experimental warming and nutrient addition strongly affect the structure and functioning of high latitude and altitude ecosystems. However, it is often unknown to what extend such effects are permanent or whether changes persist after environmental conditions return to pre‐treatment levels. In this study, we assess the legacy effects of temperature manipulation and nutrient addition experiments on alpine soil micro‐arthropod (i.e., Collembola and Oribatida) communities nine years after the treatments were discontinued. Treatment effects on the vegetation were still detectable six years after cessation, although grazing increased the recovery rate. Because micro‐arthropods are often closely associated with vegetation, we expected to find that treatment effects on Collembola and Oribatida abundance and species composition persisted to date, reflecting plant community dynamics. Also, we expected large‐bodied, drought‐resistant Collembola species that live on top of the soil to show less strong legacy effects. We did not find legacy effects of environmental treatments on Collembola and Mesostigmata in terms of abundance. However, we found persistent changes in community composition of Collembola and Oribatida, suggesting treatment effects persist to date. The generalist Folsomia quadrioculata was the most responsive Collembola species to initial treatments, most likely due to its variable life‐history strategy. Although its abundance recovered, F. quadrioculata remained dominant in Collembola communities after cessation of the treatments. Grazing affected community composition of both Collembola and Oribatida, but we did not find grazing to reduce legacy effects on micro‐arthropod as it did for vegetation. We therefore conclude that the environmental treatments had only temporary effects on micro‐arthropods in terms of overall abundance, but that effects on individual species and therefore species composition may be long‐lasting and less predictable.

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Soil fauna responses to natural disturbances, invasive species, and global climate change: Current state of the science and a call to action

Cited by 167 publications

References 277 publications

Belowground community responses to fire: meta‐analysis reveals contrasting responses of soil microorganisms and mesofauna

Belowground community responses to fire: meta‐analysis reveals contrasting responses of soil microorganisms and mesofauna

Contrasting latitudinal clines of nematode diversity in Spartina alterniflora salt marshes between native and introduced ranges

Legacy effects of experimental environmental change on soil micro‐arthropod communities

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