Soil extracellular enzyme activities are sensitive indicators of detrital inputs and carbon availability

Veres, Zsuzsa; Kotroczó, Zsolt; Fekete, István; Tóth, János Attila; Lajtha, Kate; Townsend, Kimberly; Tóthmérész, Béla

doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2015.03.006

Cited by 135 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…However, where there is a gradient of pH, OM, or C, the microbial community is likely affected [58][59][60] and soil enzyme production is altered. For example, β-glucosidase activity varied significantly at both the individual tree scale (1.0 m) and the regional scale (55 ha) [61].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Enzyme Activities in Pinus tabuliformis (Carriére) Plantations in Northern China

Wang

Page‐Dumroese

et al. 2016

Forests

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Changes in forest stand structure may alter the activity of invertase, urease, catalase and phenol oxidase after thinning Pinus tabuliformis (Carriére) plantations in Yanqing County of Beijing, China. We examined changes in these soil enzymes as influenced by time since thinning (24, 32, and 40 years since thinning) for 3 seasons (spring, summer and autumn) following harvesting at two depths in the mineral soil (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm). Invertase and urease increased significantly with time since thinning. Catalase activity was highest in the 24-year-old stand and there were no statistically significant differences between the 32-and 40-year-old stands. In addition, maximum invertase, urease, catalase, and phenol oxidase activities occurred during the summer; minimum activities occurred in autumn. Invertase and urease were positively correlated with each other, as were catalase and phenol oxidase. Most soil enzyme activity was higher in the 0-10 cm layer than at the 10-20 cm depth. As time from thinning increased, differences among soil depth became less significant. These results suggest that seasonal changes of these enzymes have different roles, as the time since thinning and thinning treatments may have both short-and long-term impacts on soil microbial activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Enzyme Activities in Pinus tabuliformis (Carriére) Plantations in Northern China

Wang

Page‐Dumroese

et al. 2016

Forests

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“…In contrast, labile SOC fractions, which have mean residence times that range from years to several decades, can respond rapidly to forest management and can be used as a sensitive indicator of changes in SOC because they are the main source of C that is released from soil to the atmosphere and have a potential to accelerate the decomposition of recalcitrant carbon by a priming effect through soil microorganisms and thus break soil carbon stability (Mao et al, 2012;Qiao et al, 2014;Shang et al, 2016). In addition, the activities of soil carbon cycle-related enzymes (e.g., b-glucosidase, invertase and cellulase) control the decomposition of organic carbon and reflect the metabolic requirements of the soil microbial community and the status of the available carbon resources; thus, these enzyme activities can aid in understanding the variations in SOC in response to forest management (Guan et al, 2014;Veres et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil labile organic carbon and carbon-cycle enzyme activities under different thinning intensities in Chinese fir plantations

Chen

Wang

et al. 2016

Applied Soil Ecology

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“…Even though microbes can break down ancient carbon, fresh carbon is essential to sustain the long-term activity of decomposer populations (Fontaine et al, 2007). As demonstrated by Veres et al (2015), extracellular enzyme activities are significantly related to easily degradable carbon but not to total soil organic carbon, suggesting that enzymes respond to pools that are more immediately degradable and unprocessed. The production of enzymes has also been demonstrated to be sensitive to pH and other soil properties (Sinsabaugh et al, 2008).…”

Section: Chlorination and Dechlorination: The Influence Of Environmenmentioning

confidence: 90%

Chlorine Cycling in Terrestrial Environments

Montelius¹

2016

Linköping Studies in Arts and Sciences

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Chlorinated organic compounds (Clorg) are produced naturally in soil. Formation and degradation of Clorg affect the chlorine (Cl) cycling in terrestrial environments and chlorine can be retained or released from soil. Cl is known to have the same behaviour as radioactive chlorine-36 ( 36 Cl), a long-lived radioisotope with a half-life of 300,000 years. 36Cl attracts interest because of its presence in radioactive waste, making 36 Cl a potential risk for humans and animals due to possible biological uptake. This thesis studies the distribution and cycling of chloride (Cl -) and Clorg in terrestrial environments by using laboratory controlled soil incubation studies and a forest field study. The results show higher amounts of Cl -and Clorg and higher chlorination rates in coniferous forest soils than in pasture and agricultural soils. Tree species is the most important factor regulating Cl -and Clorg levels, whereas geographical location, atmospheric deposition, and soil type are less important. The root zone was the most active site of the chlorination process. Moreover, this thesis confirms that bulk Clorg dechlorination rates are similar to, or higher than, chlorination rates and that there are at least two major Clorg pools, one being dechlorinated quickly and one remarkably slower. While chlorination rates were negatively influenced by nitrogen additions, dechlorination rates, seem unaffected by nitrogen. The results implicate that Cl cycling is highly active in soils and Cl -and Clorg levels result from a dynamic equilibrium between chlorination and dechlorination. Influence of tree species and the rapid and slow cycling of some Cl pools, are critical to consider in studies of Cl in terrestrial environments. This information can be used to better understand Cl in risk-assessment modelling including inorganic and organic 36 Cl.Keywords: chloride, organic chlorine, chlorination, dechlorination, 36Cl, risk assessment modelling SammanfattningKlorerade organiska föreningar (Clorg) bildas naturligt i mark och påverkar klorets kretslopp genom att de stannar kvar längre i marken. Detta stabila klor anses ha samma egenskaper som klor-36, som är en långlivad radioisotop med en halveringstid på 300 000 år. Klor-36 förekommer i olika typer av radioaktivt avfall och om klor-36 sprids i naturen finns det en potentiell risk för människor och djur genom biologiskt upptag. Syftet i denna avhandling är att öka kunskapen om fördelningen och cirkulationen av klorid (Cl -) och Clorg i terrestra miljöer med hjälp av studier i laboratoriemiljö samt en fältstudie i skogsmiljö. Resultaten visar att bildningshastigheten av Clorg är högst i barrskogsjord och rotzonen tycks vara en aktiv plats. Det finns också en större mängd Cl -och Clorg i barrskogsjordar än i betesmark och jordbruksmark. Den mest betydande faktorn som styr halterna av Cl -och Clorg är trädsort, medan geografiskt läge, atmosfäriskt nedfall, och jordmån är av mindre betydelse. Bildning och nedbrytning av Clorg sker med liknande hastigheter, men det tycks fin...

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Soil extracellular enzyme activities are sensitive indicators of detrital inputs and carbon availability

Cited by 135 publications

References 44 publications

Soil Enzyme Activities in Pinus tabuliformis (Carriére) Plantations in Northern China

Soil Enzyme Activities in Pinus tabuliformis (Carriére) Plantations in Northern China

Soil labile organic carbon and carbon-cycle enzyme activities under different thinning intensities in Chinese fir plantations

Chlorine Cycling in Terrestrial Environments

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