Soil Emission of Nitrous Oxide and its Mitigation

Ussiri, David A.N.; Lal, Rattan

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5364-8

Cited by 117 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In this type of agroecosystem, N 2 0 emissions during winter are substantially limited by soil temperatures, while low WFPS is the main limiting factor for large N 2 0 losses during spring (when most growth of winter crops occurs). Additionally, low SOC contents (Ussiri and Lai, 2012) and high soil pH conditions (Baggs et al, 2010), as was the case for our experimental site, may have also contributed to low N2O losses and YSNE. As a consequence, the mean values of N surplus (Table 2) were below the threshold (20-50 kg Nha -1 ) of an exponential increase of YSNE (van Groenigen et al, 2010).…”

Section: Grain Yield Ysne and N Surplusmentioning

confidence: 70%

Conservation Agriculture practices reduce the global warming potential of rainfed low N input semi-arid agriculture

Tellez-Rio

Vallejo

García‐Marco

et al. 2017

European Journal of Agronomy

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Conservation tillage and crop rotations improve soil quality. However, the impact of these practices on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and crop yields is not well defined, particularly in dry climates. A rainfed 2-year field-experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of three long-term (17-18 years) tillage systems (Conventional Tillage (CT), Minimum Tillage (MT) and No Tillage (NT)) and two cropping systems (rotational wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) preceded by fallow, and wheat in monoculture), on nitrous oxide (N2 0) and methane (CH4) emissions, during two field campaigns. Soil mineral N, water-filled pore space, dissolved organic carbon (C) and grain yield were measured and yield-scaled N 2 0 emissions, N surplus and Global Warming Potentials (GWP) were calculated. No tillage only decreased cumulative N 2 0 losses (compared to MT/CT) during campaign 1 (the driest campaign with least fertilizer N input), while tillage did not affect CH4 oxidation. The GWP demonstrated that the enhancement of C stocks under NT caused this tillage management to decrease overall CO2 equivalent emissions. Monoculture increased N2O fluxes during campaign 2 (normal year and conventional N input) and decreased CH4 uptake, as opposed to rotational wheat. Conversely, wheat in monoculture tended to increase soil organic C stocks and therefore resulted in a lower GWP, but differences were not statistically significant. Grain yields were strongly influenced by climatic variability. The NT and CT treatments yielded most during the dry and the normal campaign, and the yield-scaled N 2 0 emissions followed the same tendency. Minimum tillage was not an adequate tillage management considering the GWP and the yield-scaled N 2 0 emissions (which were 39% lower in NT with respect to MT). Regarding the crop effect, wheat in rotation resulted in a 32% increase in grain yield and 31% mitigation of yield-scaled N2O emissions. Low cumulative N2O fluxes (<250gN 2 O-Nha _1 campaign -1 ) highlighted the relevance of soil organic C and C0 2 emissions from inputs and operations in rainfed semi-arid cropping systems. This study suggests that NT and crop rotation can be recommended as good agricultural practices in order to establish an optimal balance between GHGs fluxes, GWP, yield-scaled N 2 0 emissions and N surpluses.

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Section: Grain Yield Ysne and N Surplusmentioning

confidence: 70%

Conservation Agriculture practices reduce the global warming potential of rainfed low N input semi-arid agriculture

Tellez-Rio

Vallejo

García‐Marco

et al. 2017

European Journal of Agronomy

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“…Cattle excrements are a large source of NH 3 and N 2 O emissions (e.g. Mosier et al, 1998;Oenema et al, 2008;Ussiri and Lal, 2013). Here we review the effects of urine composition and environmental conditions on N 2 O emissions.…”

Section: Urinary N As Source Of N 2 O Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mosier et al, 1998), and its importance seems to be neglected sometimes (e.g. Ussiri and Lal, 2013). Slurry and liquids stored in pits and canals underneath slatted floors and in open tanks, silos and lagoons is not a significant source of N 2 O, mainly because very little NH 4 1 is nitrified in the highly anoxic environment.…”

Section: Urinary N As Source Of N 2 O Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet effects on urine composition of cattle and N2O emissions

Dijkstra

Oenema

Groenigen

et al. 2013

Animal

302

215

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Ruminant production contributes to emissions of nitrogen (N) to the environment, principally ammonia (NH 3 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and di-nitrogen (N 2 ) to air, nitrate (NO 3 2 ) to groundwater and particulate N to surface waters. Variation in dietary N intake will particularly affect excretion of urinary N, which is much more vulnerable to losses than is faecal N. Our objective is to review dietary effects on the level and form of N excreted in cattle urine, as well as its consequences for emissions of N 2 O. The quantity of N excreted in urine varies widely. Urinary N excretion, in particular that of urea N, is decreased upon reduction of dietary N intake or an increase in the supply of energy to the rumen microorganisms and to the host animal itself. Most of the N in urine (from 50% to well over 90%) is present in the form of urea. Other nitrogenous components include purine derivatives (PD), hippuric acid, creatine and creatinine. Excretion of PD is related to rumen microbial protein synthesis, and that of hippuric acid to dietary concentration of degradable phenolic acids. The N concentration of cattle urine ranges from 3 to 20 g/l. High-dietary mineral levels increase urine volume and lead to reduced urinary N concentration as well as reduced urea concentration in plasma and milk. In lactating dairy cattle, variation in urine volume affects the relationship between milk urea and urinary N excretion, which hampers the use of milk urea as an accurate indicator of urinary N excretion. Following its deposition in pastures or in animal houses, ubiquitous microorganisms in soil and waters transform urinary N components into ammonium (NH 4 1 ), and thereafter into NO 3 2 and ultimately in N 2 accompanied with the release of N 2 O. Urinary hippuric acid, creatine and creatinine decompose more slowly than urea. Hippuric acid may act as a natural inhibitor of N 2 O emissions, but inhibition conditions have not been defined properly yet. Environmental and soil conditions at the site of urine deposition or manure application strongly influence N 2 O release. Major dietary strategies to mitigating N 2 O emission from cattle operations include reducing dietary N content or increasing energy content, and increasing dietary mineral content to increase urine volume. For further reduction of N 2 O emission, an integrated animal nutrition and excreta management approach is required.Keywords: nitrogen, urine, cattle, nitrous oxide, mitigation ImplicationsCattle contribute to global warming through emission of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) from urine and faeces. Urinary nitrogen (N) is much more susceptible to gaseous losses than faecal N. To reduce urinary N excretion and N 2 O emission and improve N efficiency of cattle, dietary levels of N should be decreased and an optimal balance between N and energy substrates in the diet should be aimed at. Increasing urine volume by increased dietary mineral contents appears a promising N 2 O mitigation strategy, particularly in pasture. Further reduction of effective mitigation strategies...

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“…Methane is produced by enteric fermentation in livestock [6,7], by bacterial methanogenesis during wet rice cultivation [8,9], by anaerobic decomposition of livestock manure [10,11] and in saturated peat soils [12]. Furthermore, different agricultural and forestry practices may result in substantially different land-use emissions [10,[13][14][15][16]. For example, flooded rice agriculture on land recently cleared of forest where the soil is amended with manure and residues are incorporated in the soil will have a very different emissions profile from an upland rice system using synthetic fertilizers and burning residues between cropping seasons.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%