Soil Ecology

Killham, Ken

doi:10.1017/9780511623363

Cited by 393 publications

(97 citation statements)

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“…Aneja et al (2006) found a strong decrease in sugars and starch during the first 2 weeks of decomposition of beech and spruce leaf litter whereas the percentage lignin increased. Since microbial species decompose a given compound at different rates (Killham 1994), the microbial community composition is likely to change during decomposition of residues. In compost, it has been shown that bacteria dominate the initial phases of decomposition whereas fungi dominate in the later phases (Cahyani et al 2002), however there are only few studies that have examined microbial community composition on residues during decomposition in soil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of C, N, P and microbial community composition in particulate soil organic matter during residue decomposition

Ha¹,

Marschner

Bünemann

2007

Plant Soil

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Decomposing residues can be an important source of nutrients for plants, especially of N and P, but the relationship between N and P release and microbial community dynamics have rarely been studied. Two pea (Pisum sativum L.) residues with contrasting chemical composition, shoots from flowering pea (Pea-Y) with 2.9 mg P and 36 mg N kg −1 and from mature pea (Pea-M) with 0.3 mg P and 13 mg N kg −1 , were added at a rate of 20 g kg soil −1 to a sandy soil low in nutrients. Particulate organic matter (POM) was isolated on days (d) 0, 5, 15, 28, 42 and 61 after residue addition and analysed for C, N, P and microbial community structure (fatty acid methyl ester analysis). The recovery of POM from residue-amended soils decreased over time to 30-40% of added amounts for both residues. Apart from d 0, the N concentration in POM was lower in residueamended soil than in the control. Due to a rapid decrease in P concentration during the first 5 days in Pea-Y and a slow increase over the whole experiment in Pea-M, P concentrations in POM on d 61 were similar in all treatments. In Pea-Y, the dynamics of C, N and P were coupled, with amounts of C, N and P decreasing during the first 15 days and remaining stable thereafter. In Pea-M, a steady loss of C from POM was contrasted by a slight increase in P. As a result, the C/P ratio decreased from 1,330 on d 0 to 390 on d 61. The C/N ratio of Pea-M decreased only during the second phase of decomposition. The different nutrient dynamics in Pea-Y and Pea-M led to similar amounts of N and P in POM towards the end of the incubation. Microbial community composition in the POM in Pea-Y and Pea-M remained distinct from the control, even though it changed over time. POM was shown to be an important source of potentially available nutrients after addition of plant residues. In the unamended soil, stable nutrient amounts in POM suggested very low net nutrient release from native POM compared to POM after residue addition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of C, N, P and microbial community composition in particulate soil organic matter during residue decomposition

Ha¹,

Marschner

Bünemann

2007

Plant Soil

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“…Disturbances such as recurrent wildfires, and historical land uses such as low-input agriculture and fiber cropping may have further decreased soil fertility in these areas (Albaladejo et al 1998). Low-moisture levels can substantially reduce soil nutrient availability by decreasing nutrient diffusion and mass flow (Kramer 1988;Passioura 1988), and nitrification rate (Killham 1995), and by promoting nutrient losses at leaf level (Heckathorn et al 1997;De Lucia et al 1998). Thus, it is not surprising that dryland plants frequently show low nutrient levels (Osonubi et al 1988) and may respond to fertilization (Hamilton et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant morphology and root hydraulics are altered by nutrient deficiency in Pistacia lentiscus (L.)

Trubat

Cortina

Vilagrosa

2006

Trees

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The plants in arid and semiarid areas are often limited by water and nutrients. Morpho-functional adjustments to improve nutrient capture may have important implications on plant water balance, and on plant capacity to withstand drought. Several studies have shown that N and P deficiencies may decrease plant hydraulic conductance. Surprisingly, studies on the implications of nutrient limitations on water use in xerophytes are scarce. We have evaluated the effects of strong reductions in nitrogen and phosphorus availability on morphological traits and hydraulic conductance in seedlings of a common Mediterranean shrub, Pistacia lentiscus L.. Nitrogen deficiency resulted in a decrease in aboveground biomass accumulation, but it did not affect belowground biomass accumulation or root morphology. Phosphorus-deficient plants showed a decrease in leaf area, but no changes in aboveground biomass. Root length, root surface area, and specific root length were higher in phosphorus-deficient plants than in control plants. Nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency reduced both root hydraulic conductance and root hydraulic conductance scaled by total root surface area. On the other hand, nutrient limitations did not significantly affect root conductance per unit of foliar surface area. Thus, adaptation to low nutrient availability did not affect seedling capacity for maintaining water supply to leaves. The implications for drought resistance and survival during seedling establishment in semi-arid environments are discussed. Communicated by H. Cochard R. Trubat ( ) · J. Cortina

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“…They decompose complex organic matter and release mineral nutrients for plant uptake (Killham, 1994). Microbial communities are controlled primarily by plant species composition, soil type, seasonal variability in water, temperature and availability of organic substances (Mc Culley and Burke, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfungal community structure from forest soils in Northern Thrace Region, Turkey

Kara

Asan

2007

Ann. Microbiol.

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The soil fungi in the pure stand of oak (Quercus petraea), beech (Fagus orientalis), and pine (Pinus nigra) were investigated by the dilution plate method at Yıldız Mountain in Thrace region. The mycobiota, as well as the number of isolates per plate, was determined at various soil depths. Principal component analysis of the soil profiles indicated that there was variation in mycobiota composition and the variation was attributed to differences among the ecosystems. When comparing conifer and hardwood soils, using Sorenson's similarity index, fungal community composition corresponded more closely between the hardwood stands than with the conifer stand. Fungal community composition appears to be influenced by the organic compounds entering soil from plant litter.

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Soil Ecology

Cited by 393 publications

References 0 publications

Dynamics of C, N, P and microbial community composition in particulate soil organic matter during residue decomposition

Dynamics of C, N, P and microbial community composition in particulate soil organic matter during residue decomposition

Plant morphology and root hydraulics are altered by nutrient deficiency in Pistacia lentiscus (L.)

Microfungal community structure from forest soils in Northern Thrace Region, Turkey

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