Soil drench of ethylenediurea (EDU) protects sensitive trees from ozone injury

Paoletti, Elena; Manning, William J.; Ferrara, Antonella; Tagliaferro, F.

doi:10.3832/ifor0569-004

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In contrast to previous experiments where tree plants were treated with EDU soil drench (Paoletti et al 2010(Paoletti et al , 2011Hoshika et al 2013;Carriero et al 2015), this experiment was conducted with current-year cuttings grown in infertile soil. The plant leaf area of these fast-growing plants was higher early in the treatments than it was at harvest when the autumn senescence was at the final stages, as it is indicated by the 63 leaves at first EDU application and the higher amount of EDU needed for the spray treatments in the second experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When EDU is used as a research tool, it is recommended to be applied as foliar spray instead of soil drench to plants of small size (small plant leaf area as in our case at the final application) for economy and for minimizing the error that could be caused due to the influence of soil since EDU should cycle from soil up to the leaves. However, for adult trees of larger size and with more foliage while more EDU is expected to be needed when applied both as foliar spray and soil drench (Paoletti et al 2011), much more time would be needed for foliar spray application and it could be practically prohibitive to tall trees, unless motorized vehicles are available, which increases the financial cost in turn.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of ethylenediurea (EDU) soil drench and foliar spray in Salix sachalinensis protection against O3-induced injury

Agathokleous

Paoletti

Saitanis

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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It is widely accepted that elevated levels of surface ozone (O) negatively affect plants. Ethylenediurea (EDU) is a synthetic substance which effectively protects plants against O-caused phytotoxicity. Among other questions, the one still open is: which EDU application method is more appropriate for treating fast-growing tree species. The main aims of this study were: (i) to test if chronic exposure of Salix sachalinensis plants to 200-400mgEDUL, the usually applied range for protection against O phytotoxicity, is beneficial to plants; (ii) to evaluate the effects of chronic exposure to elevated O on S. sachalinensis; (iii) to assess the efficacy of two methods (i.e. soil drench and foliar spray) of EDU application to plants; (iv) to investigate the appropriate concentration of EDU to protect against elevated O-induced damage in S. sachalinensis; and (v) to compare the two methods of EDU application in terms of effectiveness and EDU consumption. Current-year cuttings grown in infertile soil free from organic matter were exposed either to low ambient O (AOZ, 10-h≈28.3nmolmol) or to elevated O (EOZ, 10-h≈65.8nmolmol) levels during daylight hours. Over the growing season, plants were treated every nine days with 200mL soil drench of 0, 200 or 400mgEDUL or with foliar spray of 0, 200 or 400mgEDUL (in two separate experiments). We found that EDU per se had no effects on plants exposed to AOZ. EOZ practically significantly injured S. sachalinensis plants, and the impact was indifferent between the experiments. EDU did not protect plants against EOZ impact when applied as soil drench but it did protect them when applied as 200-400mgL foliar spray. We conclude that EDU may be more effective against O phytotoxicity to fast-growing species when applied as a spray than when applied as a drench. Keymessage: Soil-drenched EDU was ineffective in protecting willow plants against O-induced injury, whereas foliar-sprayed EDU was effective even at the concentration of 200mgL.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of ethylenediurea (EDU) soil drench and foliar spray in Salix sachalinensis protection against O3-induced injury

Agathokleous

Paoletti

Saitanis

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Forty root cuttings of the O 3 -sensitive Oxford clone were planted in two lines in 2007. Every week over the growing seasons 2008–2010, each tree was irrigated with 1 to 2 L of water (WAT, control line) or 450 ppm EDU solution (EDU, treated line), according to the successful application of EDU as soil drench to adult trees [48] . In 2010, the mean tree height was 2.9 m, and the mean stem diameter at breast height was 19 mm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-Tree Water Use Efficiency Is Decreased by Ambient Ozone and Not Affected by O3-Induced Stomatal Sluggishness

2012

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Steady-state and dynamic gas exchange responses to ozone visible injury were investigated in an ozone-sensitive poplar clone under field conditions. The results were translated into whole tree water loss and carbon assimilation by comparing trees exposed to ambient ozone and trees treated with the ozone-protectant ethylenediurea (EDU). Steady-state stomatal conductance and photosynthesis linearly decreased with increasing ozone visible injury. Dynamic responses simulated by severing of a leaf revealed that stomatal sluggishness increased until a threshold of 5% injury and was then fairly constant. Sluggishness resulted from longer time to respond to the closing signal and slower rate of closing. Changes in photosynthesis were driven by the dynamics of stomata. Whole-tree carbon assimilation and water loss were lower in trees exposed to ambient O3 than in trees protected by EDU, both under steady-state and dynamic conditions. Although stomatal sluggishness is expected to increase water loss, lower stomatal conductance and premature leaf shedding of injured leaves aggravated O3 effects on whole tree carbon gain, while compensating for water loss. On average, WUE of trees exposed to ambient ozone was 2–4% lower than that of EDU-protected control trees in September and 6–8% lower in October.

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“…Schm) as an experimental plant because it is a very fast growing species (Koike et al 1995) and can grow on nutrient-poor substrates (Haruki and Tsuyuzaki 2001). We applied EDU as soil drench because spray application of EDU is impractical for fast growing species while soil drench application is more appropriate (Ainsworth et al 1996;Paoletti et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High doses of ethylene diurea (EDU) are not toxic to willow and act as nitrogen fertilizer

Agathokleous

Paoletti

Saitanis

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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Soil drench of ethylenediurea (EDU) protects sensitive trees from ozone injury

Cited by 16 publications

References 11 publications

Impacts of ethylenediurea (EDU) soil drench and foliar spray in Salix sachalinensis protection against O3-induced injury

Impacts of ethylenediurea (EDU) soil drench and foliar spray in Salix sachalinensis protection against O3-induced injury

Whole-Tree Water Use Efficiency Is Decreased by Ambient Ozone and Not Affected by O3-Induced Stomatal Sluggishness

High doses of ethylene diurea (EDU) are not toxic to willow and act as nitrogen fertilizer

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