Soil Disinfection and Monoammonium Phosphate Fertilization Increase Precocity of Apples on Replant Problem Soils

Neilsen, G. H.; Yorston, J.

doi:10.21273/jashs.116.4.651

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…surface applications of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) fertilizer (Raese, 1998). Application of 150 g of MAP fertilizer within the planting hole, in association with some form of soil disinfection, has improved establishment and initial growth of apple in replant problem orchards (Neilsen and Yorston, 1991). As a consequence of stimulation of second-year flowering by first-year P applications (Neilsen et al, 1990) and the effectiveness of first-year P fertigation , P fertigation of newly planted apple trees in the first year is a general commercial recommendation regardless of soil P and replant status (BC Ministry of Agriculture and Lands, 2007).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, several conditions have been identified when apples respond to P fertilization. These include times when apple root length is limited, as when trees are newly planted (Taylor and Goubran, 1975) and when replant disorders further inhibit root growth (Neilsen and Yorston, 1991), or when low soil P levels limit P availability to roots (Cripps, 1987;Raese, 1998). Responses to P application have included increased vigor and accelerated flowering of newly planted trees (Neilsen et al, 1990;Taylor and Goubran, 1975) and increased cropping and increased P concentrations in leaf and fruit tissue of mature trees (Cripps, 1987;Raese, 1998).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Annual Bloom-time Phosphorus Fertigation Affects Soil Phosphorus, Apple Tree Phosphorus Nutrition, Yield, and Fruit Quality

Neilsen¹,

Neilsen²,

Toivonen³

et al. 2008

horts

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A randomized, complete block, split-plot experimental design with six replicates was established and maintained annually for the first five fruiting seasons (1999 to 2003) in a high-density apple [Malus sylvestris (L) Mill var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf] orchard on M.9 rootstock planted in Apr. 1998. Main plot treatments involved eight different nutrient regimes, each containing three tree subplots of each of five different cultivars (Ambrosia, Cameo, Fuji, Gala, and Silken). This report compares a +phosphorus (P) treatment, involving annual fertigation at bloom time of 20 g P/tree as ammonium polyphosphate (10N–15P–0K), to a −P treatment. Both treatments also received nitrogen, potassium, and boron nutrients through fertigation. Drip fertigation of P increased 2 M KCl-extractable P to 0.4-m depth within 0.5-m distance of the drippers. Leaf and fruit P concentrations were consistently increased by the +P treatment with few differences among cultivars. P-fertigated trees also had a 20% increase in cumulative yield overall cultivars during the first five fruiting seasons. Standard fruit quality measurements, including fruit size, soluble solids concentration, titratable acidity, and red coloration were unaffected by P application. However, reductions in incidence of water core at harvest, increased resistance to browning, and elevated antioxidant content of harvested fruit measured in some years imply a role for P in apple membrane stability. The cumulative results indicate that applications of 20 g P as ammonium polyphosphate annually at bloom would be advantageous for apples receiving adequate fertigated applications of nitrogen, potassium, and boron. Best apple performance was associated with leaf P concentrations above 2.2 mg·g−1 dry weight and fruit P concentrations between 100 and 120 mg·kg−1 dry weight.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual Bloom-time Phosphorus Fertigation Affects Soil Phosphorus, Apple Tree Phosphorus Nutrition, Yield, and Fruit Quality

Neilsen¹,

Neilsen²,

Toivonen³

et al. 2008

horts

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show abstract

“…The differential uptake of P among treatments reflected the higher P inputs associated with the CDS amendment (Table 1) and the highest available soil P values for CDS-amended soils at the end of the experiment (Table 5). Application of monoammonium phosphate in the planting hole has been shown to stimulate apple tree growth in old orchard soils (Neilsen and Yorston, 1991) and was the rationale for fertigation of ammonium polyphosphate to all treatments in this experiment in Year 1. Highest leaf P concentrations were measured in the first year, but midsummer leaf P concentrations, regardless of treatment, generally exceeded 1.5 g P/kg values normally considered adequate for apples (Shear and Faust, 1980).…”

Section: Soil and Plant Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Composted Dairy Manure and Alfalfa Hay Mulch Affect Soil Ecology and Early Production of ‘Braeburn’ Apple on M.9 Rootstock

Forge

Neilsen

et al. 2013

horts

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A variety of organic mulches and amendments have been observed to improve soil quality and productivity of apple orchards. Alfalfa hay and composted dairy manure solids (CDS) are readily available in the apple-growing region of the Pacific Northwest and British Columbia and could be used to improve orchard performance. The objective of this research was to determine the influences of CDS amendment and alfalfa hay mulch on populations of soil microfauna, soil chemical properties, and early growth; nutrient uptake; and yield of apple planted into a fumigated coarse-textured soil in central Washington State. Alfalfa mulch significantly improved tree vigor and fruit yield with minimal adverse effects on fruit quality, whereas the CDS amendment had minor effects on vigor and yield. Both alfalfa mulch and CDS amendment increased availability and uptake into leaves and fruit of most key nutrients but plant nutrient concentrations were not deficient in control plots, suggesting that increased nutrient availability was probably not the primary reason for the increased vigor attributed to alfalfa mulch at this site. The alfalfa mulch resulted in elevated populations of microbivorous nematodes and protozoa that persisted through later years of the experiment, indicating greater overall microbial activity, mineralization of nutrients, and possible direct stimulation of root growth under mulch; the CDS amendment did not consistently enhance populations of microbivorous nematodes. The alfalfa mulch, but not CDS amendment, suppressed the buildup of populations of root-lesion nematodes, which are important components of the replant disease complex that was suppressing tree growth at the site despite the preplant fumigation. Accordingly, we speculate that the reduced impacts of root-lesion nematodes contributed to the improved vigor and fruit yield of trees grown with alfalfa hay mulch.

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“…Injection of nitrogen fertilizers through the drip irrigation system (fertigation) is becoming increasingly popular in major fruit growing areas of the would [Haynes, 1985]. High rates of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) incorporated directly into planting holes have improved vigour [Neilsen and Yorston, 1991] and precocity of apply trees [Neilsen et al, 1990]. Recently, Neilsen et al [1993] showed that apple trees fertigated with calcium nitrate had increased early vigour compared to trees fertigated with urea or ammonium nitrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nitrogen form and application method on incidence and severity ofPhytophthora crown and root rot of apple trees

Utkhede

Smith

1995

Eur J Plant Pathol

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The effect of ammonium nitrate broadcast as a soil or through irrigation, urea applied as a foliar spray, and monoammonium phosphate applied as a planting hole treatment on the incidence of Phytophthora crown and root rot of apple trees was determined under orchard conditions in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia, Canada. Results from the eight year study showed that ammonium nitrate applied as a single dose in spring at 240 g tree -1 year -1, as a split dose at 120 g tree -~ each in spring and early autumn, and in irrigation water (fertigation) at 7.5 g tree -~ wk -~ for 10 wk year -~ significantly increased Phytophthora crown and root rot of Macspur on MM106 rootstock. There was no significant difference in P. cactorum infection between the unfertilized control and treatments with urea applied as a foliar spray at 1.0 kg 1001 -~ of water in spring and early autumn, and monoammonium phosphate applied as a planting hole treatment at 1 g 1 -~ of soil at planting time.

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Soil Disinfection and Monoammonium Phosphate Fertilization Increase Precocity of Apples on Replant Problem Soils

Cited by 20 publications

References 14 publications

Annual Bloom-time Phosphorus Fertigation Affects Soil Phosphorus, Apple Tree Phosphorus Nutrition, Yield, and Fruit Quality

Annual Bloom-time Phosphorus Fertigation Affects Soil Phosphorus, Apple Tree Phosphorus Nutrition, Yield, and Fruit Quality

Composted Dairy Manure and Alfalfa Hay Mulch Affect Soil Ecology and Early Production of ‘Braeburn’ Apple on M.9 Rootstock

Effect of nitrogen form and application method on incidence and severity ofPhytophthora crown and root rot of apple trees

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