Soil‐derived sulfate in atmospheric dust particles at Taklimakan desert

Wu, Feng; Zhang, Daizhou; Cao, Junji; Xu, Hongmei; An, Zhisheng

doi:10.1029/2012gl054406

Cited by 36 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…As shown in Fig. 4a, extremely high levels of sulfate were observed during the dust storm period (Phase I), with a peak of 180 µg m −3 in the first hour, accounting for 2.3 % of the TSP mass (Table 1), which falls in the range reported for the airborne dust in the Taklamakan desert by Wu et al (2012). Due to the second peak of the dust storm that arrived in Xi'an at noon on 10 March, SO 2− 4 concentration showed a moderate peak as did TSP (see the inserted figure in Fig.…”

Section: Hourly Changes In Chemical Compositions Of Ambient Particlesmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Our previous investigation on the impact of Asian dust storms on Xi'an aerosols in the spring of 2009 found that 88 % (in mass) of airborne particulate sulfate originated from Gobi desert soil in the presence of the dust storm . A recent study on the atmospheric aerosols collected in the Taklamakan desert also reported that airborne particles in the desert are abundant in sulfate, which accounts for about 4 % of the particle mass with no significant difference for particles with different sizes (Wu et al, 2012). WSOC / WSON ratios are higher in the dust storm and transition periods and lower in the non-dust period, which can be ascribed to more WSON species emitted from anthropogenic sources such as agricultural fertilizer and livestock dejecta (Cape et al, 2011;Chen et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2010).…”

Section: Hourly Changes In Chemical Compositions Of Ambient Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of aerosol chemistry in Xi'an, inland China, during the dust storm period of 2013 – Part 1: Sources, chemical forms and formation mechanisms of nitrate and sulfate

et al. 2014

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Abstract.A total suspended particulate (TSP) sample was collected hourly in Xi'an, an inland megacity of China near the Loess Plateau, during a dust storm event of 2013 (9 March 18:00−12 March 10:00 LT), along with a sizeresolved aerosol sampling and an online measurement of PM 2.5 . The TSP and size-resolved samples were determined for elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), watersoluble organic carbon (WSOC) and nitrogen (WSON), inorganic ions and elements to investigate chemistry evolution of dust particles. Hourly concentrations of Cl − , NO We propose a mechanism to explain these observations in which aqueous phase of dust particle surface is formed via uptake of water vapor by hygroscopic salts such as Na 2 SO 4 and NaCl, followed by heterogeneous formation of nitrate on the liquid phase and subsequent absorption of ammonia. Our data indicate that 54 ± 20 % and 60 ± 23 % of NH + 4 and NO − 3 during the dust period were secondarily produced via this pathway, with the remaining derived from the Gobi desert and Loess Plateau, while SO 2− 4 in the event almost entirely originated from the desert regions. Such cases are different from those in the East Asian continental outflow region, where during Asia dust storm events SO 2− 4 is secondarily produced and concentrates in sub-micrometer particles as (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and/or NH 4 HSO 4 . To the best of our knowledge, the current work for the first time revealed an infant state of the East Asian dust ageing process in the regions near the source, which is helpful for researchers to understand the panorama of East Asian dust ageing process from the desert area to the downwind region.

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Section: Hourly Changes In Chemical Compositions Of Ambient Particlesmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Hourly Changes In Chemical Compositions Of Ambient Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of aerosol chemistry in Xi'an, inland China, during the dust storm period of 2013 – Part 1: Sources, chemical forms and formation mechanisms of nitrate and sulfate

et al. 2014

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“…The observed average concentration of fSO 4 2-was 8.9 µg m -3 in episode D, while NAQPMS and CMAQ simulations of anthropogenic fSO 4 2-indicated 3.2 µg m -3 and 2.9 µg m -3 , respectively. After considering soil-derived fSO 4 2-(4% of fine mode dust (Wu et al, 2012)) and heterogeneous reactions on dust particles, NAQPMS simulated a total fSO 4 2-concentration of 4.8 µg m -3 , 42.7% lower than the observation. This indicates that current models may miss certain emissions of SO 2 or chemical mechanisms that promote the conversion of SO 2 to SO 4 2-when dust is present.…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Three Air Pollution Episodes In Fukuokamentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Long-Range Transport of Particulate Matters for January in East Asia using NAQPMS and CMAQ

Wang

Itahashi

Uno

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Two regional chemical transport models were applied to simulate high concentrations of particulate matters (PM) observed in East Asia in January 2015; the first model is the Nested Air Quality Prediction Modeling System (NAQPMS) and the second is the Community Multi-scale Air Quality Model (CMAQ). The variation of PM 2.5 in both models showed well agreement with measurements over both eastern China and western Japan. Based on the model results and the aerosol compositions observed in Fukuoka in western Japan, three types of PM long-range transport (LRT) were identified: N-, S-, and D-type. The N episode showed higher fine-mode nitrate (fNO 3 -) concentrations than fine-mode sulfate (fSO 4 2-), indicating the importance of NO 3 -LRT. The S episode showed the highest fSO 4 2-concentrations (28.9 µg m -3 ), which were 3.4-fold higher than fNO 3 -, due to high relative humidity. During the D episode, dust stagnated in Fukuoka for three days, due to the influence of low-and high-pressure systems; thus, dust LRT is also important in winter besides spring. Both models reasonable explained variations in aerosol components during both N and S episodes; however, both underestimated fSO 4 2-especially during D episode, suggesting that they may miss certain emissions or chemical mechanisms. High coarse-mode NO 3 -(cNO 3 -) concentrations (maximum: 6.3 µg m -3 ), and high cNO 3 -/fNO 3 -ratios (maximum: 1.2) were observed during D episode. NAQPMS successfully captured this cNO 3 -peak after including heterogeneous reactions on dust. Our results emphasize the importance of such heterogeneous processes for understanding the LRT of dust and anthropogenic pollutants over East Asia.

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“…This result means that the sulfate in the dust samples at Xi'an was very likely one of the original components of the dust particles, i.e., the socalled soil-derived sulfate in desert dust. It has been found that dust at desert areas contains substantial soil-derived sulfate (Abuduwaili et al, 2008;Sun et al, 2010;Wu et al, 2012;Yabuki et al, 2005;Zhang et al, 2009), and sulfate was confirmed in long-distancetransported dust in downstream areas in a small number of studies Wu et al, 2012). For these reasons, we consider the sulfate detected in the dust samples right after the cold front to be mainly from the desert areas as soil-derived sulfate rather than sulfate produced by chemical conversions on the particle surface when the particles floated in the air.…”

Section: Sulfatementioning

confidence: 94%

“…A study at the Taklimakan Desert pointed out that in some cases the content of sulfate in dust particles might not change even when the particles traveled over a long distance. The dust particles contained substantial sulfate (∼ 4 % by mass), which was from the surface soil (Wu et al, 2012). It was also found that, for a dust plume lofted from the surface by a synoptic mid-latitude cyclone, the plume did not mix significantly with adjacent air parcels polluted by anthropogenic sources; the dust plume and the polluted air were separated as two air parcels by the cold front associated with the cyclone (Bates et al, 2004;Tsai et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Limited production of sulfate and nitrate on front-associated dust storm particles moving from desert to distant populated areas in northwestern China

Zhang

Cao

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Sulfate and nitrate compounds can greatly increase the hygroscopicity of mineral particles in the atmosphere and consequently alter the particles' physical and chemical properties. Their uptake on long-distance-transported Asian dust particles within mainland China has been reported to be substantial in previous studies, but the production was very inefficient in other studies. We compared these two salts in particles collected from a synoptic-scale, mid-latitude, cycloneinduced dust storm plume at the Tengger Desert (38.79 • N, 105.38 • E) and in particles collected in a postfrontal dust plume at an urban site in Xi'an (34.22 • N, 108.87 • E) when a front-associated dust storm from the Tengger Desert arrived there approximately 700 km downwind. The results showed that the sulfate concentration was not considerably different at the two sites, while the nitrate concentration was slightly larger at the urban site than that at the desert site. The estimated nitrate production rate was 4-5 ng µg −1 of mineral dust per day, which was much less than that in polluted urban air. The adiabatic process of the dust-loading air was suggested to be the reason for the absence of sulfate formation, and the uptake of background HNO 3 was suggested to be the reason for the small nitrate production. According to our investigation of the published literature, the significant sulfate and nitrate in dust-storm-associated samples within the continental atmosphere reported in previous studies cannot be confirmed as actually produced on desert dust particles; the contribution from locally emitted and urban mineral particles or from soil-derived sulfate was likely substantial because the weather conditions in those studies indicated that the collection of the samples was started before dust arrival, or the air from which the samples were collected was a mixture of desert dust and locally emitted mineral particles. These results suggest that the production of nitrate and sulfate on dust particles following cold fronts is likely limited when the particles move from the desert to populated areas within the continent. For an accurate quantification of sulfate and nitrate formed on long-distance-transported desert dust particles at downwind populated areas in eastern China, dust collection efforts are indispensable to minimize any possible influence by locally emitted particles or at least to ensure that the samples are collected after dust arrival.

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Soil‐derived sulfate in atmospheric dust particles at Taklimakan desert

Cited by 36 publications

References 47 publications

Evolution of aerosol chemistry in Xi'an, inland China, during the dust storm period of 2013 – Part 1: Sources, chemical forms and formation mechanisms of nitrate and sulfate

Evolution of aerosol chemistry in Xi'an, inland China, during the dust storm period of 2013 – Part 1: Sources, chemical forms and formation mechanisms of nitrate and sulfate

Modeling the Long-Range Transport of Particulate Matters for January in East Asia using NAQPMS and CMAQ

Limited production of sulfate and nitrate on front-associated dust storm particles moving from desert to distant populated areas in northwestern China

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