Soil deepening by trees and the effects of parent material

Shouse, Michael; Phillips, Jonathan D.

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.06.031

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Additionally, we assumed that these differences could be partly modified by regional soil properties, as it was described in case of post-uprooting pedogenesis by Šamonil et al (2018a). Former studies, such as those by Schaetzl et al (1989), Pawlik (2013), Shouse and Phillips (2016), suggested that trees may cause soil deepening, armoring, disintegration, displacement, mixing, inversion, up-building and removal. The authors also reported a wide range of non-linear processes in soils, with biota among the main driving factors (e.g., Phillips 1999Phillips , 2017Gabet and Mudd 2010;Hoffman and Anderson 2014;Šamonil et al 2014, 2015.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical and biochemical effects recorded in the tree root zone – soil memory, historical contingency and soil evolution under trees

Pawlik

Šamonil

2018

Plant Soil

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Background and aims The changing soils is a neverending process moderated by numerous biotic and abiotic factors. Among these factors, trees may play a critical role in forested landscapes by having a large imprint on soil texture and chemical properties. During their evolution, soils can follow convergent or divergent development pathways, leading to a decrease or an increase in soil spatial complexity. We hypothesized that trees can be a strong local factor intensifying, blocking or modifying pedogenetic processes, leading to local changes in soil complexity (convergence, divergence, or polygenesis). These changes are hypothetically controlled by regionally predominating soil formation processes. Methods To test the main hypothesis, we described the pedomorphological features of soils under tree stumps of fir, beech and hemlock in three soil regions: Haplic Cambisols (Turbacz Reserve, Poland), Entic Podzols (Žofínský Prales Reserve, Czech Republic) and Albic Podzols (Upper Peninsula, Michigan, USA). Soil profiles under the stumps, as well as control profiles on sites currently not occupied by trees, were analyzed in the laboratory for 20 physical and chemical properties. In total, we analyzed 116 soil samples. The age of trees and time of tree death were determined using the radiometry (14 C), dendrochronology and repeated tree censuses. To process the data, we used multivariate statistics, namely, redundancy analyses (RDAs) and principal component analyses (PCAs). The statistical significance of variables was tested using Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn, and permutation tests. To reach the main aims of the present study, we examined the dataset at three levels of data complexity: 1) soil regions, 2) microsite (i.e., tree stump versus control site), and 3) soil horizon. Results Living tree roots and empty or infilled root channels were the most important pedogenic factors that affected the dimensions of soil horizons and the moisture in the root zone under tree stumps. Microsites explained almost 6% of the soil variability (p < 0.001,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical and biochemical effects recorded in the tree root zone – soil memory, historical contingency and soil evolution under trees

Pawlik

Šamonil

2018

Plant Soil

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“…The depressions may fill with material slumping or eroding from the surrounding soil, sediment transported downslope, organic litter, or a combination. This stump infilling process has significant impacts on soil spatial variability and hillslope mass fluxes, but has been studied in detail in only a few cases (Phillips and Marion, 2006;Shouse and Phillips, 2016).…”

Section: Other Effects: Mass Displacement Stump Infillingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soil and regolith thickness is an important factor in habitat suitability for deep-rooted plants and a number of soil fauna. There is therefore evidence of positive feedback between local soil deepening by trees and reoccupation of these locally deeper patches after tree mortality (Phillips, 2008;2009a;Shouse and Phillips, 2016). In karst landscapes, weathering-related feedback relationships linked to ecosystem engineering by tree roots are described by Crowther (1987), Susteric et al (2009, Schwinning (2010), Estrada-Medina et al (2013, and Nie et al (2014).…”

Section: Tree Roots As Ecosystem Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roots, rock, and regolith: Biomechanical and biochemical weathering by trees and its impact on hillslopes—A critical literature review

Pawlik

Phillips

Šamonil

2016

Earth-Science Reviews

126

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The role of trees and forests as a critical component of the biosphere and critical zone, and of the Earth system more generally, is widely appreciated. Less known and acknowledged are the geomorphological functions of tree roots, though their importance has been widely referred to in soil studies, paleopedology and palaeobotany. Tree roots and their impact on weathering processes and soil production were incorporated in the Devonian plant hypothesis and tree root casts served as a key evidence of recognition of past soils in geology, sedimentology and palaeopedology. However, knowledge of biomechanical and biochemical weathering induced by vascular plant roots (mainly trees) has been rarely utilized in geomorphic studies. Biogeomorphic and pedologic studies in recent decades have highlighted the importance of tree uprooting, in which roots play a primary role, in soil development, regolith disturbance and bedrock mining. Other important functions of roots were also recognized, e.g.: soil displacement by growing roots, infilling of stump holes and root cavities, root groove development,

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“…As a consequence, regolith thickness is systematically deeper under trees than in adjacent sites. The general set of relationships is summarized in Figure 5, and details are described by Phillips (2008), and Shouse and Phillips (2016).…”

Section: Tree Roots and Regolithmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laws, place, history and the interpretation of landforms

Phillips

2016

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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The state of an Earth surface system (ESS) is determined by three sets of factors: laws, place, and history. Laws (L = L1, L2, . . . , Ln) are the n general principles applicable to any such system at any time. Place factors (P = P1, P2, . . . , Pm) are the m relevant characteristics of the local or regional environment. History factors (H = H1 , H2, . . . , Hq) include the previous evolutionary pathway of the ESS, its stage of development, past disturbance, and initial conditions. Geoscience investigation may focus on laws, place, or history, but ultimately all three are necessary to understand and explain ESS. The LPH triad is useful as a pedagogical device, illustrated here via application to explaining the world's longest cave (Mammoth Cave, KY). Beyond providing a useful checklist, the LPH framework provides analytical traction to some difficult research problems. For example, studies of the avulsions of three southeast Texas rivers showed substantial differences in avulsion regimes and resulting alluvial morphology, despite the proximity and superficial similarity of the systems. Avulsions are governed by the same laws in all cases [L(A) = L(B) = L(C)], and the three rivers have undergone the same sea‐level, climate, and tectonic histories, as well as the same general anthropic impacts [H(A) ≈ H(B) ≈ H(C)]. Though regional environmental controls are similar, local details such as the location of the modern main channel relative to Pleistocene meander channels differ, and thus these place factors explain the differences between the rivers. The LPH framework, or similar types of reasoning, is implicit in many types of geoscience analysis. Explicit attention to the triad can help solve or address many specific problems and remind us of the importance of all three sets of factors. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Soil deepening by trees and the effects of parent material

Cited by 30 publications

References 37 publications

Biomechanical and biochemical effects recorded in the tree root zone – soil memory, historical contingency and soil evolution under trees

Biomechanical and biochemical effects recorded in the tree root zone – soil memory, historical contingency and soil evolution under trees

Roots, rock, and regolith: Biomechanical and biochemical weathering by trees and its impact on hillslopes—A critical literature review

Laws, place, history and the interpretation of landforms

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