Soil compaction modifies morphological characteristics of seminal maize roots

Konôpka, Bohdan; Pagès, L.; Doussan, Claude

doi:10.17221/380-pse

Cited by 35 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This is in agreement with [23] who noted that plant root depth and distribution in the soil is controlled by factors such as the rooting environment (soil moisture content and temperature). This is however in contradiction with findings by other researcher who found that extraction of moisture is very high when the number of plants per planting station is high resulting in faster depletion of moisture from the soil there by increasing root penetration resistance resulting in poor RLD [24]. The difference perhaps was due to the basin tillage method being used in this study which has better water retention capacity.…”

Section: Root Length Densitycontrasting

confidence: 97%

Root Length Density in Maize/Cowpea Intercropping under a Basin Tillage System in a Semi-Arid Area of Zimbabwe

Dube¹,

Madanzi²,

Kapenzi³

et al. 2014

AJPS

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A study to assess the effect of intercropping maize (Zea mays L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) within the same basin or outside the basin on root length density (RLD) was conducted at the International Crop Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Matopos Research Station from December 2009 to April 2010. The experiment was laid out in a Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments replicated four times namely; sole maize, sole cowpea, maizecowpea intercrop with cowpea and maize planted within the same basin and maize-cowpea intercrop with cowpea planted 20 cm outside the maize basin. There was significant difference (P < 0.001) in RLD, grain yield and stover yield. Maize-cowpea intercropped within the same basin achieved higher RLD, grain yield and stover yield than cowpea that was intercropped outside the basin and the sole crops. The land equivalent ratio (LER) in both intercrop designs showed that intercropping had better grain yield performance when compared to sole cropping. It can be concluded that intercropping maize and cowpeas within the same basin can result in an environment around the crop achieving higher RLD which translates to better grain yield compared to the sole cropping and intercropping cowpeas outside the basin.

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Section: Root Length Densitycontrasting

confidence: 97%

Root Length Density in Maize/Cowpea Intercropping under a Basin Tillage System in a Semi-Arid Area of Zimbabwe

Dube¹,

Madanzi²,

Kapenzi³

et al. 2014

AJPS

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“…Šantrůček and Svobodová (1988) concluded that the ratio of root-branched plants was also influenced by the term of the stand establishment, stand density, and soil compaction. The effect of soil compaction on root growth within the same soil type was confirmed by Hakl et al (2007b) with lucerne and, similarly, significant relations between the bulk density and length of lateral roots or branching density was described by Konopka et al (2009) with maize roots. According to Luo et al (1995), cutting of lucerne produced an initial decrease in fine root mass followed by a recovery towards the end of the harvest cycle.…”

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confidence: 63%

The development of lucerne root morphology traits under high initial stand density within a seven year period

Hakl¹,

Fuksa²,

Šantrůček³

et al. 2011

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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The root system of plants is generally regarded as a factor, which is in relation to important agronomic and ecological characteristics. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high initial stand density on the reduction in development of lucerne root morphology traits and how long-term this effect would be. In spring 2003, a field experiment with six lucerne entries in randomized blocks was established. Broadcast sowing was used and the seeding rate was 5000 germinated seeds per m 2 . In 2003-2009, the plants were sampled in each plot in autumn; the average depth of sampling was 0.2 m. The stand density reached an average value of 860 plants per m 2 in the autumn of the seeding year and this strongly reduced the root weight, tap-root diameter, position and number of lateral roots. The subsequent decrease of stand density to 57 plants/m 2 in 2009 was not linear but it was extremely quick from the 1 st to 2 nd year and, by contrast, it was extremely slow in the last three years. It indicates that older plants with larger tap-root diameter probably have a higher persistency. All evaluated root traits were developed slowly, nevertheless, they reached common values during a seven year period. The intensity of the relation of stand density to root weight or tap-root diameter increased over time whilst it decreased to the ratio of root-branched plants. Results suggest that an assessment of density in samples should be recommended for the varieties evaluation in case of irregularly-spaced plants because the differences in root morphology among varieties could be caused by the differences in density among the varieties. It is possible to conclude that lucerne stands under higher initial density provided a strongly reduced speed of root development with an impact on important agronomic traits connected with root morphology.

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“…Thus, branching density tends to decrease in the distal part of the root. The variation in branching density can also be attributed to soil factors, such as to gradients in soil bulk density (Konôpka et al, 2009), in soil moisture (Johnson and Aguirre, 1991;Ito et al, 2006), in soil temperature (Sattelmacher et al, 1990) and in soil nutrients (Gruber et al, 2013), including as roots traverse nutrient patches (Hodge, 2004;Yu et al, 2014). However, as these first-order LRs are located at different positions along the nodal roots, and the nodal roots from higher whorls exhibit steeper root angles, so that they penetrate the soil more vertically, the first-order LRs will experience a diversity of local soil environments, so being more likely to be affected by a range of soil factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between root diameter, root length and root branching along lateral roots in adult, field-grown maize

Pagès

2016

Ann Bot

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Background and Aims Root diameter, especially apical diameter, plays an important role in root development and function. The variation in diameter between roots, and along roots, affects root structure and thus the root system's overall foraging performance. However, the effect of diameter variation on root elongation, branching and topological connections has not been examined systematically in a population of high-order roots, nor along the roots, especially for mature plants grown in the field.Methods A method combining both excavation and analysis was applied to extract and quantify root architectural traits of adult, field-grown maize plants. The relationships between root diameter and other root architectural characteristics are analysed for two maize cultivars.Key Results The basal diameter of the lateral roots (orders 1-3) was highly variable. Basal diameter was partly determined by the diameter of the bearing segment. Basal diameter defined a potential root length, but the lengths of most roots fell far short of this. This was explained partly by differences in the pattern of diameter change along roots. Diameter tended to decrease along most roots, with the steepness of the gradient of decrease depending on basal diameter. The longest roots were those that maintained (or sometimes increased) their diameters during elongation. The branching density (cm -1 ) of laterals was also determined by the diameter of the bearing segment. However, the location of this bearing segment along the mother root was also involved -intermediate positions were associated with higher densities of laterals.Conclusions The method used here allows us to obtain very detailed records of the geometry and topology of a complex root system. Basal diameter and the pattern of diameter change along a root were associated with its final length. These relationships are especially useful in simulations of root elongation and branching in source-sink models.

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Soil compaction modifies morphological characteristics of seminal maize roots

Cited by 35 publications

References 22 publications

Root Length Density in Maize/Cowpea Intercropping under a Basin Tillage System in a Semi-Arid Area of Zimbabwe

Root Length Density in Maize/Cowpea Intercropping under a Basin Tillage System in a Semi-Arid Area of Zimbabwe

The development of lucerne root morphology traits under high initial stand density within a seven year period

Relationships between root diameter, root length and root branching along lateral roots in adult, field-grown maize

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