Soil compaction effects on soil bulk density and penetration resistance and growth of spring barley (Hordeum vulgareL.)

Soil characteristics of soybean fields as effected by compaction, irrigation and fertilization.

“…Current results indicated that when the number of passes increased, soil compaction increased and these results are in good agreement with the study of Canillas and Salokhe (2002). Reintam et al (2009) investigated the effects of soil compaction on soil bulk density, penetration resistance and growth of spring barley and reported 3 Mpa increase in soil penetration resistance but no significant changes in soil bulk density with soil compaction treatments.…”

Weed Responses to Soil Compaction and Crop Management

“…Soil compaction first affects physical properties, as compaction occurs when soil particles are pressed together, reducing pore space between them and increasing the soil bulk density (Lipiec & Hatano, 2003;Raper, 2005;Reintam, 2006;Reintam et al, 2009). Soil compaction also influences chemical and biological processes, such as decreasing organic carbon (C) and N mineralization, the concentration of CO 2 in the soil (Conlin & Driessche, 2000), nitrification and denitrification, and activity of earthworms and other soil organisms (Ferrero et al, 2002).…”

“…But as the soil dries, soil compaction is more observable (Hamza & Anderson, 2005). Further soil compaction effects are decreased root size, retarded root penetration, smaller rooting depth (Unger, and Kaspar, 1994), decreased plant nutrient availability and uptake (Kuchenbuch & Ingram, 2003;Reintam, 2006), and greater plant stress (Reintam et al, 2003), which are among the major reasons for reduced plant productivity and yield (Arvidsson, 1999;Reintam et al, 2009). …”

Plant performance on anthroposols at Huckleberry Mine, Houston, British Columbia.

“…As penetration resistance increases, root growth decreases. At values greater than 2 MPa, significant root growth reduction has been reported (Lampurlanes and Cantero-Martinez 2003), leading to decreased plant nutrient uptake and plant stress (Reintam et al 2009). Generally, penetration resistance varies with soil moisture; as soil moisture decreases, penetration resistance increases.…”

“…However, coarse-textured soils may also exhibit reduced penetration resistance when very dry (Hillel 1998). Soil compaction can also significantly increase penetration resistance (Reintam et al 2009). …”