Soil Clean Up by in-situ Surfactant Flushing. III. Laboratory Results

Remediation of sandy soils using surfactant solutions and foams

“…By increasing the surfactant flow rate, the contact time between organic and aqueous phases decreases, hindering oil removal from the soil. A similar result was verified by Gannon et al [24] in remediation of a clay-sand soil, contaminated with p-dichlorobenzene, using SDS solution as remediation fluid.…”

Cross‐flow ultrafiltration of micellar surfactant solutions

“…Because of their unique aggregation and solubilization properties, surfactant micelles have been widely proposed as agents for the removal of organic contaminants from water (Leung, 1979;Dunn et al, 1985;Bhat et al, 1987;Gibbs et al, 1987;Smith et al, 1987) and from soil (Ellis et al, 1985;Gannon et al, 1989;McDermott et al, 1989;Wilson et al, 1989). An ultrafiltration (UF) step can concentrate micellar aggregates and their associated solutes, and can liberate clean water in the permeate (Leung, 1979).…”

Using tracer technique to study the flow behavior of surfactant foam

“…Second, surfactant molecules in an aqueous solution can form micelles and increase the solubility of NAPLs in water. Numerous studies have indicated that aqueous surfactant solutions have been successfully used to remove absorbed hydrocarbons from soils [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9].…”