Soil carbon sequestration, greenhouse gas emissions, and water pollution under different tillage practices

Bhattacharyya, Siddhartha Shankar; Leite, Fernanda Figueiredo Granja Dorilêo; France, Casey L; Adekoya, A O; Ros, Gerard H.; Vries, Wim de; Melchor-Martínez, Elda M.; Iqbal, Hafiz M.N.; Parra‐Saldívar, Roberto

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154161

Cited by 58 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 228 publications

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“…Our results show that high initial SOC stocks were the major factors driving carbon loss under cropland expansion in drylands (Figure 4a), which has also been found in studies on plantations, transformed grassland, and fallow fields (Meyer et al, 2017; van Straaten et al, 2015; Yang et al, 2021). SOC stocks lose resulting from harvest and residue removal reduced carbon input into SOC pool (Drewniak et al, 2015), and cultivation accelerated decomposition of SOC when the natural ecosystem converted to cropland (Bhattacharyya et al, 2022). SOC stocks keep decreasing until achieving a net balance between the carbon input and output (soil respiration, Rs), and Rs rate is related to SOC stocks (Lei et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of land clearing for agriculture on soil organic carbon stocks in drylands: A meta‐analysis

Wang

Luo

et al. 2022

Global Change Biology

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Agricultural activities have been expanding globally with the pressure to provide food security to the earth's growing population. These agricultural activities have profoundly impacted soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in global drylands. However, the effects of clearing natural ecosystems for cropland (CNEC) on SOC are uncertain. To improve our understanding of carbon emissions and sequestration under different land uses, it is necessary to characterize the response patterns of SOC stocks to different types of CNEC. We conducted a meta‐analysis with mixed‐effect model based on 873 paired observations of SOC in croplands and adjacent natural ecosystems from 159 individual studies in global drylands. Our results indicate that CNEC significantly (p < .05) affects SOC stocks, resulting from a combination of natural land clearing, cropland management practices (fertilizer application, crop species, cultivation duration) and the significant negative effects of initial SOC stocks. Increases in SOC stocks (in 1 m depth) were found in croplands which previously natural land (deserts and shrublands) had low SOC stocks, and the increases were 278.86% (95% confidence interval, 196.43%–361.29%) and 45.38% (26.53%–62.23%), respectively. In contrast, SOC stocks (in 1 m depth) decreased by 24.11% (18.38%–29.85%) and 10.70% (1.80%–19.59%) in clearing forests and grasslands for cropland, respectively. We also established the general response curves of SOC stocks change to increasing cultivation duration, which is crucial for accurately estimating regional carbon dynamics following CNEC. SOC stocks increased significantly (p < .05) with high long‐term fertilizer consumption in cleared grasslands with low initial SOC stocks (about 27.2 Mg ha−1). The results derived from our meta‐analysis could be used for refining the estimation of dryland carbon dynamics and developing SOC sequestration strategies to achieve the removal of CO2 from the atmosphere.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of land clearing for agriculture on soil organic carbon stocks in drylands: A meta‐analysis

Wang

Luo

et al. 2022

Global Change Biology

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“…While wildlife conservation is central to conservation designs in this region, it is important to note that biome‐wide frameworks, opposed to surrogate‐models, may receive wider adoption and support by appealing to more diverse stakeholder groups. Biodiversity is a key, yet singular property in the NSS threatened by stressors including tillage agriculture, invasive annual grasses, and woodland expansion, which similarly threaten other ecosystem services including forage production for domestic livestock (Morford et al, 2022), carbon stocks (Bradley et al, 2006), and water quality (Bhattacharyya et al, 2022). Shifting the narrative from species to large and intact rangelands provides a path for more parity and inclusion among conservation frameworks, ultimately increasing the likelihood of success, while ensuring their connectivity is critical to conserving the migratory movements necessary to sustain wildlife in this landscape.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grassland intactness outcompetes species as a more efficient surrogate in conservation design

Tack,

Jakes,

Jones

et al. 2023

Conservat Sci and Prac

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Mapped representations of species−habitat relationships often underlie approaches to prioritize area‐based conservation strategies to meet conservation goals for biodiversity. Generally a single surrogate species is used to inform conservation design, with the assumption that conservation actions for an appropriately selected species will confer benefits to a broader community of organisms. Emerging conservation frameworks across western North America are now relying on derived measures of intactness from remotely sensed vegetation data, wholly independent from species data. Understanding the efficacy of species‐agnostic planning approaches is a critical step to ensuring the robustness of emerging conservation designs. We developed an approach to quantify ‘strength of surrogacy’, by applying prioritization algorithms to previously developed species models, and measuring their coverage provided to a broader wildlife community. We used this inference to test the relative surrogacy among a suite of species models used for conservation targeting in the endangered grasslands of the Northern Sagebrush Steppe, where careful planning can help stem the loss of private grazing lands to cultivation. In this test, we also derived a simpler surrogate of intact rangelands without species data for conservation targeting, along with a measure of combined migration representative of key areas for connectivity. Our measure of intactness vastly outperformed any species model as a surrogate for conservation, followed by that of combined migration, highlighting the efficacy of strategies that target large and intact rangeland cores for wildlife conservation and restoration efforts.

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“…It has been suggested that the SCS potential of no-tillage is high compared to other tillage practices [18] . Several meta-analyses indicated that the no-tillage practice can increase SOC stock about 8% [94] or over 0.4 Mg• ha −1 • yr −1 C [16,109] compared with that under the standard tillage practice.…”

Section: Practices On Croplandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequestering Organic Carbon in Soils Through Land Use Change and Agricultural Practices: A Review

2022

Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.

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Climate change vigorously threats human livelihoods, places and biodiversity. To lock atmospheric CO2 up through biological, chemical and physical processes is one of the pathways to mitigate climate change. Agricultural soils have a significant carbon sink capacity. Soil carbon sequestration (SCS) can be accelerated through appropriate changes in land use and agricultural practices. There have been various meta-analyses performed by combining data sets to interpret the influences of some methods on SCS rates or stocks. The objectives of this study were: (1) to update SCS capacity with different landbased techniques based on the latest publications, and (2) to discuss complexity to assess the impacts of the techniques on soil carbon accumulation. This review shows that afforestation and reforestation are slow processes but have great potential for improving SCS. Among agricultural practices, adding organic matter is an efficient way to sequester carbon in soils. Any practice that helps plant increase C fixation can increase soil carbon stock by increasing residues, dead root material and root exudates. Among the improved livestock grazing management practices, reseeding grasses seems to have the highest SCS rate. KEYWORDS agroecosystems, climate change, negative emissions technology, net zero 1 INTRODUCTIONExtreme weather events and global warming are inevitable because of anthropogenic emissions of warming gases (greenhouse gases, GHG) in the future [1] . Over recent decades, the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and the global air temperature (Fig. 1)have been rising linearly, and the records of the extreme temperature and precipitation intensity kept being rewritten. Negative CO2 emissions (i.e., CO2 removals) to lock CO2 up from the atmosphere through biological, chemical and physical processes are pathways to mitigate the global warming. Land management, soil management, bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, CO2 capture from ambient air, enhanced weathering and ocean fertilization are purported to be main potential approaches for CO2 removals [4][5][6] . Shepherd [7] categorized the CO2 removal techniques into three groups according to places where they are applied to (land or ocean) and predominant interventions and assessed the techniques in terms of their effectiveness, timeliness, safety, affordability and reversibility. The first group is to sequester more C into their natural sinks for a long period. The second is to apply enhanced weathering techniques in land and oceans. The third is to apply advanced technologies to capture and store CO2 directly elsewhere. The options also have been reviewed for their costs, potentials, side-effects, and innovation and scaling challenges for their implement [8][9][10] . Hepburn et al. [11] proposed 10 CO2 removal pathways: (1) chemicals from CO2, (2) fuels from CO2, (3) products from microalgae, (4) concrete building materials, (5) CO2-enhanced oil recovery, (6) bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, (7) enhanced weathering, (8) forestry techniques...

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Soil carbon sequestration, greenhouse gas emissions, and water pollution under different tillage practices

Cited by 58 publications

References 228 publications

Effects of land clearing for agriculture on soil organic carbon stocks in drylands: A meta‐analysis

Effects of land clearing for agriculture on soil organic carbon stocks in drylands: A meta‐analysis

Grassland intactness outcompetes species as a more efficient surrogate in conservation design

Sequestering Organic Carbon in Soils Through Land Use Change and Agricultural Practices: A Review

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