Soil carbon determination by thermogravimetrics

Pallasser, Robert; Minasny, Budiman; McBratney, Alex B.

doi:10.7717/peerj.6

Cited by 44 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Organic carbon and carbonate depth profiles were determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-Q500, TA Instruments Q500) (Pallasser et al, 2013). Water content and bulk density (ρ b ) of the sliced sediment core were determined gravimetrically after oven drying (Gardner, 1986).…”

Section: Sediment Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment phosphorus speciation and mobility under dynamic redox conditions

Parsons¹,

Rezanezhad²,

O’Connell³

et al. 2017

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment has caused phosphorus (P) accumulation in many freshwater sediments, raising concerns that internal loading from legacy P may delay the recovery of aquatic ecosystems suffering from eutrophication. Benthic recycling of P strongly depends on the redox regime within surficial sediment. In many shallow environments, redox conditions tend to be highly dynamic as a result of, among others, bioturbation by macrofauna, root activity, sediment resuspension and seasonal variations in bottom-water oxygen (O 2 ) concentrations. To gain insight into the mobility and biogeochemistry of P under fluctuating redox conditions, a suspension of sediment from a hypereutrophic freshwater marsh was exposed to alternating 7-day periods of purging with air and nitrogen gas (N 2 ), for a total duration of 74 days, in a bioreactor system. We present comprehensive data time series of bulk aqueous-and solidphase chemistry, solid-phase phosphorus speciation and hydrolytic enzyme activities demonstrating the mass balanced redistribution of P in sediment during redox cycling. Aqueous phosphate concentrations remained low (∼ 2.5 µM) under oxic conditions due to sorption to iron(III) oxyhydroxides. During anoxic periods, once nitrate was depleted, the reductive dissolution of iron(III) oxyhydroxides released P. However, only 4.5 % of the released P accumulated in solution while the rest was redistributed between the MgCl 2 and NaHCO 3 extractable fractions of the solid phase. Thus, under the short redox fluctuations imposed in the experiments, P remobilization to the aqueous phase remained relatively limited. Orthophosphate predominated at all times during the experiment in both the solid and aqueous phase. Combined P monoesters and diesters accounted for between 9 and 16 % of sediment particulate P. Phosphatase activities up to 2.4 mmol h −1 kg −1 indicated the potential for rapid mineralization of organic P (P o ), in particular during periods of aeration when the activity of phosphomonoesterases was 37 % higher than under N 2 sparging. The results emphasize that the magnitude and timing of internal P loading during periods of anoxia are dependent on both P redistribution within sediments and bottom-water nitrate concentrations.

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Section: Sediment Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment phosphorus speciation and mobility under dynamic redox conditions

Parsons¹,

Rezanezhad²,

O’Connell³

et al. 2017

Biogeosciences

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“…Carbon dioxide has been studied as a proxy for SOM in TGA studies (Pallasser et al 2013;Oudghiri et al 2015). In the study by Pallasser et al (2013), oxygen was used as a purge gas; and as the sample was heated and volatized, carbon released from SOM was converted to carbon dioxide.…”

Section: Peat Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the study by Pallasser et al (2013), oxygen was used as a purge gas; and as the sample was heated and volatized, carbon released from SOM was converted to carbon dioxide. Oudghiri et al (2015) used synthetic air (20% oxygen and 80% nitrogen) as a purge gas, which compares more to our study where nitrogen was used as the purge gas.…”

Section: Peat Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This could potentially be resolved by using oxygen rather than nitrogen as the purge gas. The studies conducted by Pallasser et al (2013) and Oudghiri et al (2015) explored carbon dioxide as a proxy for SOM. Oudghiri et al (2015) heated samples to 900°C and observed the degradation of more recalcitrant hydrocarbons.…”

Section: Peat Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is a technique traditionally used to determine the mineral components in a soil but can also be applied to broadly distinguish carbon compounds through controlled heating rates (Pallasser et al 2013). TGA is based on the continuous measurement of mass loss of a sample during heating in a controlled atmosphere (Oudghiri et al 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Spectral assessment of soil properties : standoff quantification of soil organic matter content in surface mineral soils and Alaskan peat

Jarvis¹,

Douglas²,

Foley³

et al. 2017

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Characterization of soil properties typically requires time-intensive, ground-based sampling. Therefore, technologies that allow for rapid assessment of particular attributes would be greatly beneficial. One example is Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, which uses an infrared spectrum to qualitatively identify a variety of compounds in solid, liquid, or gaseous samples. This study investigated the infrared reflectance signatures of peat and mineral soil samples with varying amounts of organic matter and coupled FTIR spectroscopy with a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) to more accurately identify and quantify soil organic matter (SOM). Clear differences were observed between the soil and peat FTIR spectral profiles. When compared to traditional analysis by loss on ignition, the coupled TGA-FTIR method resulted in an underestimation of the percent SOM for peat samples and an overestimation of the percent SOM in mineral soil samples. These results may have been influenced by low sample mass and moisture present in the sample. In total, our project results show that FTIR measurements provide a rapid yet qualitative means of assessing sample organic matter versus mineral content, but the TGA-FTIR measurement capability needs more refinement before it can be used for qualitative SOM measurements.

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Contribution of organic amendments to soil organic matter detected by thermogravimetry

Tokarski

Kučerík

Kalbitz

et al. 2018

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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Sustainable soil management requires reliable and accurate monitoring of changes in soil organic matter (SOM). However, despite the development of improved analytical techniques during the last decades, there are still limits in the detection of small changes in soil organic carbon content and SOM composition. This study focused on the detection of such changes under laboratory conditions by adding different organic amendments to soils. The model experiments consisted of artificially mixing soil samples from non‐fertilized plots of three German long‐term agricultural experiments in Bad Lauchstädt (silty loam), Grossbeeren (silty sand), and Müncheberg (loamy sand) with straw, farmyard manure, sheep faeces, and charcoal in quantities from 3 to 180 t ha−1 each. In these mixtures we determined the organic carbon contents by elemental analysis and by thermal mass losses (TML) determined by thermogravimetry. The results confirmed the higher reliability of elemental analysis compared to TML for organic carbon content determination. The sensitivity of both methods was not sufficient to detect the changes in organic carbon content caused by small quantities of organic amendments (3 t ha−1 or 0.1–0.4 g C kg−1 soil). In the case of elemental analysis, the detectability of changes in carbon content increased with quantities of added amendments, but the method could not distinguish different types of organic amendments. On the contrary, the based on analysis of degradation temperatures, the TML allowed this discrimination together with their quantitative analysis. For example, added charcoal was not visible in TML from 320 to 330°C, which is used for carbon content determination. However, increasing quantities of charcoal were reflected in a higher TML around 520°C. Furthermore, differences between measured (with TML110–550) and predicted mass loss on ignition using both organic carbon (with TML330) and clay contents (with TML140) were confirmed as a suitable indicator for detection of organic amendments in different types of soils. We conclude that thermogravimetry enables the sensitive detection of organic fertilizers and organic amendments in soils under arable land use.

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Soil carbon determination by thermogravimetrics

Cited by 44 publications

References 33 publications

Sediment phosphorus speciation and mobility under dynamic redox conditions

Sediment phosphorus speciation and mobility under dynamic redox conditions

Spectral assessment of soil properties : standoff quantification of soil organic matter content in surface mineral soils and Alaskan peat

Contribution of organic amendments to soil organic matter detected by thermogravimetry

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