Soil biodegradation of carbofuran and furathiocarb following soil pretreatment with these pesticides

Hendry, Karen M.; Richardson, Curtis J.

doi:10.1002/etc.5620070910

Cited by 20 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 25 publications

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“…Occurrence of microbial adaptation is usually demonstrated experimentally or inferred by comparing biodegradation in pre-exposed versus pristine sites. Adaptation has been seen in a variety of environmental compartments including fresh and estuarine water, periphyton, sediment, − aquifers, soil, , activated sludge, , and septic tank systems . It has also been observed for a wide range of chemicals including toluene, monosubstituted phenols, nitrophenols, , aromatic amines, polychlorinated biphenyls, hydrocarbon mixtures, ,− cationic, − , nonionic, and anionic , surfactants, aminocarboxylic acid chelating agents, ,, herbicides, and pesticides …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widespread Microbial Adaptation to l-Glutamate-N,N-diacetate (L-GLDA) Following Its Market Introduction in a Consumer Cleaning Product

Itrich

McDonough

Ginkel

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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l-Glutamate-N,N-diacetate (L-GLDA) was recently introduced in the United States (U.S.) market as a phosphate replacement in automatic dishwashing detergents (ADW). Prior to introduction, L-GLDA exhibited poor biodegradation in OECD 301B Ready Biodegradation Tests inoculated with sludge from U.S. wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, OECD 303A Activated Sludge WWTP Simulation studies showed that with a lag period to allow for growth (40-50 days) and a solids retention time (SRT) that allows establishment of L-GLDA degraders (>15 days), significant biodegradation (>80% dissolved organic carbon removal) would occur. Corresponding to the ADW market launch, a study was undertaken to monitor changes in the ready biodegradability of L-GLDA using activated sludge samples from various U.S. WWTPs. Initially all sludge inocula showed limited biodegradation ability, but as market introduction progressed, both the rate and extent of degradation increased significantly. Within 22 months, L-GLDA was ready biodegradable using inocula from 12 WWTPs. In an OECD 303A study repeated 18 months post launch, significant and sustained carbon removal (>94%) was observed after a 29-day acclimation period. This study systematically documented field adaptation of a new consumer product chemical across a large geographic region and confirmed the ability of laboratory simulation studies to predict field adaptation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widespread Microbial Adaptation to l-Glutamate-N,N-diacetate (L-GLDA) Following Its Market Introduction in a Consumer Cleaning Product

Itrich

McDonough

Ginkel

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The effect of initial concentration of carbofuran on the development and stability of its enhanced biodegradation in top-soil and sub-soil

Karpouzas¹,

Walker²,

Drennan³

et al. 2001

Pest. Manag. Sci.

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Carbofuran was incubated in top-soil and sub-soil samples from a pesticide-free site at a range of initial concentrations from 0.1 to 10 mg kg-1. Amounts of the incubated soils were removed at intervals over the subsequent 12 months, and the rate of degradation of a second carbofuran dose at 10 mg kg-1 was assessed. An applied concentration as low as 0.1 mg kg-1 to top-soil resulted in more rapid degradation of the fresh addition of carbofuran for at least 12 months. The degree of enhancement was generally more pronounced with the higher initial concentrations. When the same study was conducted in sub-soil samples from the same site, an initial dose of carbofuran at 0.1 mg kg-1 resulted in only small increases in rates of degradation of a second carbofuran dose. However, degradation rates in the sub-soil samples were, in many instances, considerably greater than in the corresponding top-soil samples, irrespective of pre-treatment concentration or pre-incubated period. Initial doses of 0.5 mg kg-1 and higher applied to sub-soil successfully activated the sub-soil microflora. Application of the VARLEACH model to simulate carbofuran movement through the soil profile indicated that approximately 0.01 mg kg-1 of carbofuran may reach a depth of 70 cm 400 days after a standard field application. The results therefore imply that adaptation of the sub-soil microflora (c 1 m depth) by normal field rate applications of carbofuran is unlikely to occur. In experiments to investigate this in soils exposed to carbofuran in the field, there was no apparent relationship between top-soil exposure and degradation rates in the corresponding sub-soils. The results further confirmed that same sub-soil samples have an inherent capacity for rapid biodegradation of carbofuran. The high levels of variability observed between replicates in some of the sub-soil samples were attributed to the uneven distribution of a low population of carbofuran-degrading micro-organisms in sub-surface soil. There was no apparent relationship between soil microbial biomass and degradation rates within or between top-soil and sub-soil samples.

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Banana leaf and glucose mineralization and soil organic matter in microhabitats of banana plantations under long‐term pesticide use

Blume

Reichert

2015

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Soil organic matter (SOM) and microbial activity are key components of soil quality and sustainability. In the humid tropics of Costa Rica 3 pesticide regimes were studied-fungicide (low input); fungicide and herbicide (medium input); and fungicide, herbicide, and nematicide (high input)-under continuous banana cultivation for 5 yr (young) or 20 yr (old) in 3 microhabitats-nematicide ring around plants, litter pile of harvested banana, and bare area between litter pile and nematicide ring. Soil samples were incubated sequentially in the laboratory: unamended, amended with glucose, and amended with ground banana leaves. Soil organic matter varied with microhabitat, being greatest in the litter pile, where microbes had the greatest basal respiration with ground banana leaf, whereas microbes in the nematicide ring had the greatest respiration with glucose. These results suggest that soil microbes adapt to specific microhabitats. Young banana plantations had similar SOM compared with old plantations, but the former had greater basal microbial respiration in unamended and in glucose-amended soil and greater first-order mineralization rates in glucose-amended soil, thus indicating soil biological quality decline over time. High pesticide input did not decrease microbial activity or mineralization rate in surface soil. In conclusion, microbial activity in tropical volcanic soil is highly adaptable to organic and inorganic inputs.

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Soil biodegradation of carbofuran and furathiocarb following soil pretreatment with these pesticides

Cited by 20 publications

References 25 publications

Widespread Microbial Adaptation to l-Glutamate-N,N-diacetate (L-GLDA) Following Its Market Introduction in a Consumer Cleaning Product

Widespread Microbial Adaptation to l-Glutamate-N,N-diacetate (L-GLDA) Following Its Market Introduction in a Consumer Cleaning Product

The effect of initial concentration of carbofuran on the development and stability of its enhanced biodegradation in top-soil and sub-soil

Banana leaf and glucose mineralization and soil organic matter in microhabitats of banana plantations under long‐term pesticide use

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