Soil Arthropod Sampling

Macfadyen, A.

doi:10.1016/s0065-2504(08)60299-8

Cited by 95 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Litterbags were put into a MacFadyen-Extractor (MacFadyen 1961(MacFadyen , 1962 for 7 days to extract the soil organisms. They were caught in vials filled with isopropanol.…”

Section: Soil Organisms (H1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Field decomposition of transgenic Bt maize residue and the impact on non-target soil invertebrates

2007

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Genetically modified Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) maize (Zea mays L.) expressing Cry toxins against various target pests is now grown on more than 16 million hectares worldwide, but its potential effects on the soil ecosystem need to be further investigated. In an 8-month field study, we investigated the effects of Bt maize expressing the Cry1Ab protein on both the soil community and maize residue decomposition. We used litterbags with three different mesh sizes (20, 125, and 5,000 μm) to investigate potential effects of different soil organism groups on the decomposition processes. Litterbags were incorporated into the soil in fall into a field that had previously been planted with non-Bt maize and subsamples were removed monthly. The dry weight of the remaining residue was measured for all bags. Bt and non-Bt maize decomposed similarly in large mesh bags, which allowed the whole soil organism community to enter and interact with each other. In contrast, Bt maize decomposed significantly faster than non-Bt maize at some sample dates in winter in bags with small and medium mesh sizes. At the end of the experiment in late spring, however, there was no significant difference in the amount of maize plant residues remaining for any of these three mesh sizes. Additionally, soil organisms from bags with the largest mesh size were identified. The most frequent taxa extracted were collembolans (Isotomidae, Tullbergiidae, Entomobryidae), mites (Gamasina, Oribatida), and annelids (Enchytraeidae). Three of these taxa were extracted in higher numbers from non-Bt than Bt residue (Tullbergiidae, Gamasina, Enchytraeidae), while there was no difference in the number of individuals extracted for the remaining three taxa. Our results do not show major changes in the decomposition of Bt maize residue and in the composition of the soil organism community. However, further studies are needed that assess the impact of the continuous release of Cry1Ab via root exudates and plant biomass on the soil ecosystem.

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“…Litterbags were put into a MacFadyen-Extractor (MacFadyen 1961(MacFadyen , 1962 for 7 days to extract the soil organisms. They were caught in vials filled with isopropanol.…”

Section: Soil Organisms (H1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Field decomposition of transgenic Bt maize residue and the impact on non-target soil invertebrates

2007

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“…Arthropods (including macrofauna) and Lumbricidae were extracted by heat (Macfadyen, 1962) for 10 days. Soil fauna was collected in ethylene glycol then transferred to 95% ethanol after the extraction was completed.…”

Section: Soil Fauna Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of the nitrogen assimilated by soil fauna living in decomposing beech litter

Caner

Zeller

Dambrine

et al. 2004

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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We investigated the nitrogen source for main taxa of soil fauna in two beech forests of contrasted humus type using 15 N-labelled beech litter and 15 N analysis of soil fauna. 15 Nlabelled beech litter was deposited on the topsoil in December 2000 in four stands of different ages at Leinefelde (Germany) with mull humus and in one mature stand at Sorø (Denmark) with moder humus. The fate of the tracer isotope was measured in litter and soil, as well as in the soil fauna, and for each taxa, we calculated the proportion of N in the animal derived from the labelled substrate. Of the original N contained in the litter, 20% to 41% was lost after 9 months at Leinefelde, and only 10% at Sorø. This loss was counterbalanced by the incorporation of 24% to 31% external N at Leinefelde, and 31% at Sorø, partly originating from fungal colonisation of the added litter. The proportion of N assimilated from the labelled litter by the different soil animals varied in relation to their mobility and feeding preferences.Large and mobile soil animals, especially predators, derived on average less 15 N because they were also able to feed outside the labelled litter boxes. Detritivores assimilated at most 15% of their nitrogen content at Leinefelde and 11% at Sorø from the decomposing labelled litter.The most labelled taxa at Leinefelde were small fungivorous and coprophagous species, mainly isotomid Collembola such as Isotomiella and Folsomia. At Sorø, best labelled taxa were saprophagous species such as Enchytraeidae, Glomeridae and Phthiracaroidea. These low rates of 15 N assimilation indicate that fresh litter is not directly the main N source for soil animals. The results obtained suggest that soil fauna fed preferentially upon microorganisms colonising the litter at Leinefelde (mull) and from litter itself at Sorø (moder).

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“…Unlike funnel methods that depend on animals being alive (MacFadyen, 1962;Edwards & Fletcher, 1971), flotation methods recover microarthropods from soil and litter samples whether they are dead or alive by capturing them in a solvent or supersaturated salt solution that the sample has passed through. Results of comparative studies show that the flotation method is ideally suited to harvesting suites of desert-adapted arthropods that, due to their life history traits, may not respond to moisture gradients set up by funnel techniques .…”

Section: Extraction Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Species richness and abundance patterns of microarthropods on cryptobiotic crusts in a piñon-juniper habitat: a call for greater knowledge

Shepherd

Brantley

Tarleton

2002

Journal of Arid Environments

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Soil Arthropod Sampling

Cited by 95 publications

References 38 publications

Field decomposition of transgenic Bt maize residue and the impact on non-target soil invertebrates

Field decomposition of transgenic Bt maize residue and the impact on non-target soil invertebrates

Origin of the nitrogen assimilated by soil fauna living in decomposing beech litter

Species richness and abundance patterns of microarthropods on cryptobiotic crusts in a piñon-juniper habitat: a call for greater knowledge

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