Soil Aquifer Treatment System Performance: Israel’s Shafdan Reclamation System as an Ultimate Case Study

Elkayam, Roy; Lev, Ovadia; Negev, Ido; Sued, Oded; Shtrasler, Lilach; Vaizel-Ohayon, Dalit; Katz, Yoram

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-51148-7_14

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 19 publications

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“…Energy consumption is mostly associated with water transfer to and from the replenishment zone, injection, and reclamation (i.e., pumping out) through wells from the aquifer. For instance, the energy consumption associated with SAT in Israel’s Shafdan Reclamation System is estimated as 0.63 kWh/m 3 of recovered water ( Elkayam et al., 2020 ). This consumption includes energy for pumping effluent to the recharge basin at 0.14 kWh/m 3 and for recovering the water from the aquifer and transporting it approximately 30 km to the customer at 0.49 kWh/m 3 .…”

Section: Contributors To Energy Consumption In Potable Reusementioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the energy consumption of potable water reuse schemes

et al. 2021

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Highlights Data and models were reviewed to estimate energy consumption in potable water reuse. Entire reuse schemes, both direct and indirect, require 1.2 to 2.1 kWh/m 3 . Lowest-energy options include non-RO indirect and RO-based direct potable reuse. Potable reuse requires much less energy than seawater desalination. Pipe network updates and high-permeability membranes would reduce energy use.

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Section: Contributors To Energy Consumption In Potable Reusementioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the energy consumption of potable water reuse schemes

et al. 2021

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LC-MS analysis of nitroguanidine compounds by catalytic reduction using palladium modified graphitic carbon nitride catalyst

et al. 2021

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Sensitive analysis of nitro-compounds and particularly those that are not amenable for hydrophobic concentration by solid phase extraction poses an analytical challenge.Nitroguanidine and methyl-nitroguanidine are highly soluble nitramines that detonate on much higher impact and are thus safer compared to RDX. A sensitive method for the determination of nitroguanidine and 1-methyl-3-nitroguanidine by reduction to the respective amines (aminoguanidine and 1-amino-3-methylguanidine which allows subsequent hydrophobization by derivatization by 4-nitrobenzaldehyde followed by LC-ESI-MS analysis is described.Reduction by sodium borohydride over palladium modified graphitic carbon nitride (Pd/g-C3N4) provided improved sensitivity compared to palladium modified activated carbon due to the lower adsorption of the product to the carbon nitride substrate. The limit of detection of the method was 10 ng L -1 and the relative standard deviation of six replicates was 5.8 %.

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