Soil Animals and Pedogenesis

Cunha, Luís; Brown, G. G.; Stanton, David W. G.; Silva, Elodie da; Hansel, F. A.; Jorge, Gabriella; McKey, Doyle; Vidal‐Torrado, Pablo; Macedo, Rodrigo Santana; Velásquez, Elena; James, Samuel W.; Lavelle, Patrick; Kille, Peter

doi:10.1097/ss.0000000000000144

Cited by 44 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Charles Darwin famously extolled the importance of earthworms as terrestrial ecosystem engineers, churning and aerating the soil with their burrows as well as burying and processing large fragments of organic matter and making their nutrients available to plants. Large-scale engineering by earthworms has recently been documented in South America [2] and may occur elsewhere. Even apart from their direct agricultural importance as soil processors, earthworms have a substantial economic impact—epigeic (leaf litter/compost-dwelling) species are used to process food waste (vermiculture), larger species are sold as bait for fish, and some earthworm species are considered delicacies and are sold for human consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenomic analyses of Crassiclitellata support major Northern and Southern Hemisphere clades and a Pangaean origin for earthworms

et al. 2017

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BackgroundEarthworms (Crassiclitellata) are a diverse group of annelids of substantial ecological and economic importance. Earthworms are primarily terrestrial infaunal animals, and as such are probably rather poor natural dispersers. Therefore, the near global distribution of earthworms reflects an old and likely complex evolutionary history. Despite a long-standing interest in Crassiclitellata, relationships among and within major clades remain unresolved.MethodsIn this study, we evaluate crassiclitellate phylogenetic relationships using 38 new transcriptomes in combination with publicly available transcriptome data. Our data include representatives of nearly all extant earthworm families and a representative of Moniligastridae, another terrestrial annelid group thought to be closely related to Crassiclitellata. We use a series of differentially filtered data matrices and analyses to examine the effects of data partitioning, missing data, compositional and branch-length heterogeneity, and outgroup inclusion.Results and discussionWe recover a consistent, strongly supported ingroup topology irrespective of differences in methodology. The topology supports two major earthworm clades, each of which consists of a Northern Hemisphere subclade and a Southern Hemisphere subclade. Divergence time analysis results are concordant with the hypothesis that these north-south splits are the result of the breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea.ConclusionsThese results support several recently proposed revisions to the classical understanding of earthworm phylogeny, reveal two major clades that seem to reflect Pangaean distributions, and raise new questions about earthworm evolutionary relationships.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0973-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenomic analyses of Crassiclitellata support major Northern and Southern Hemisphere clades and a Pangaean origin for earthworms

et al. 2017

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“…The functional differences observed in biotic communities of ADEs also mean that these soils could provide different ecosystem services in the landscape. Higher earthworm populations and an improved soil structure mainly due to fauna-produced aggregates (as occurs in ADE) could positively affect primary productivity, litter decomposition and nutrient cycling 41 , pedogenetic processes 42 , and could help stabilize soil organic carbon in these soils 43 . These processes have been little studied, and merit further attention, both in forested and agriculturally managed ADE soils.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic Soils Promote Biodiversity in Amazonian Rainforests

Demetrio

Conrado

Acioli

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) are fertile anthropic soils found throughout Amazonia, resulting from long-term occupation by pre-Columbian societies. Although the chemistry of these soils is well known, their biodiversity, particularly soil invertebrate communities have been neglected. To address this, we characterised soil macroinvertebrate communities and their activities in ADEs, comparing them with adjacent reference soils under forests and agriculture, at nine archaeological sites. We found 667 morphospecies and a tenacious pre-Columbian biodiversity footprint, with 40% of species found exclusively in ADEs. Soil biological activity was higher in ADEs than in adjacent soils, and associated with higher biomass and richness of organisms known to engineer the ecosystem. We show that these habitats have unique species pools, but that contemporary land-use causes nutrient loss and threatens their diversity. Both past and present human activities alter biodiversity and its distribution in Amazonia, and further efforts are needed to recognize and preserve these ADEs and their biodiversity.

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“…In addition to the plant growth, we also observed that small-red segmented worms, with diameters between 1 and 3 mm and lengths between 5 and 8 cm, were able to live/survive in the anode part of the MS100 Plant-MFC ( Figure 5). These worms, based on their physical appearance possibly from Annelida phylum [73], are natural decomposers which maintain soil fertility by altering soil compositions through decomposing and transforming organic matter [74]. The latter provides support that the bioanode does support (some) biodiversity.…”

Section: Mixture Of Activated Carbon (Ac) and Marine Sediment Effect mentioning

confidence: 99%

Activated Carbon Mixed with Marine Sediment is Suitable as Bioanode Material for Spartina anglica Sediment/Plant Microbial Fuel Cell: Plant Growth, Electricity Generation, and Spatial Microbial Community Diversity

Sudirjo

Buisman

Strik

2019

Water

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Wetlands cover a significant part of the world's land surface area. Wetlands are permanently or temporarily inundated with water and rich in nutrients. Therefore, wetlands equipped with Plant-Microbial Fuel Cells (Plant-MFC) can provide a new source of electricity by converting organic matter with the help of electrochemically active bacteria. In addition, sediments provide a source of electron donors to generate electricity from available (organic) matters. Eight lab-wetlands systems in the shape of flat-plate Plant-MFC were constructed. Here, four wetland compositions with activated carbon and/or marine sediment functioning as anodes were investigated for their suitability as a bioanode in a Plant-MFC system. Results show that Spartina anglica grew in all of the Plant-MFCs, although the growth was less fertile in the 100% activated carbon (AC100) Plant-MFC. Based on long-term performance (2 weeks) under 1000 ohm external load, the 33% activated carbon (AC33) Plant-MFC outperformed the other Plant-MFCs in terms of current density (16.1 mA/m 2 plant growth area) and power density (1.04 mW/m 2 plant growth area). Results also show a high diversity of microbial communities dominated by Proteobacteria with 42.5-69.7% relative abundance. Principal Coordinates Analysis shows clear different bacterial communities between 100% marine sediment (MS100) Plant-MFC and AC33 Plant-MFC. This result indicates that the bacterial communities were affected by the anode composition. In addition, small worms (Annelida phylum) were found to live around the plant roots within the anode of the wetland with MS100. These findings show that the mixture of activated carbon and marine sediment are suitable material for bioanodes and could be useful for the application of Plant-MFC in a real wetland. Moreover, the usage of activated carbon could provide an additional function like wetland remediation or restoration, and even coastal protection. 2 of 23 production; carbon fixation and storage; flood mitigation and water storage; water treatment and purification; and habitats for biodiversity. About 5-10% of the world's land surface is covered by wetlands [2]. A recent study reported that the global wetland area is between 15 and 16 million km 2 , in which about 8.9-9.5% is coastal wetlands [3]. Unfortunately, despite their critical role wetlands are facing a serious problem of losses caused by human activities. A study has shown that at least 33% of global wetlands had been lost as of 2009 due to human activities [1]. This loss was comparable to a previous study reporting that between 1970 and 2008, natural wetland declined globally by about 30% [4].Sediment pollution by human activities is a major problem for wetland ecosystems [5]. By nature, wetland sediments are able to remedy themselves from pollutants, such as petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants, due to the presence of diverse microbial communities [6]. However, in some cases such as to control hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs), an in-situ amendment by human interference is applied for ...

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Soil Animals and Pedogenesis

Cited by 44 publications

References 80 publications

Phylogenomic analyses of Crassiclitellata support major Northern and Southern Hemisphere clades and a Pangaean origin for earthworms

Phylogenomic analyses of Crassiclitellata support major Northern and Southern Hemisphere clades and a Pangaean origin for earthworms

Anthropogenic Soils Promote Biodiversity in Amazonian Rainforests

Activated Carbon Mixed with Marine Sediment is Suitable as Bioanode Material for Spartina anglica Sediment/Plant Microbial Fuel Cell: Plant Growth, Electricity Generation, and Spatial Microbial Community Diversity

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