Soil and landscape influences on native riparian phosphorus availability in three Lake Champlain Basin stream corridors

Young, Eric O.; Ross, Donald S.; Alves, C.; Villars, Thomas R.

doi:10.2489/jswc.67.1.1

Cited by 20 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The streambanks were also higher in sand content than soils from the interior of different land uses, particularly for hayfields, which had almost half the amount of sand than their adjacent streambanks. Investigating riparian soils from nearby watersheds, Young et al (2012) found that soils classified as sands (≥88%) were lower in TP (<500 mg kg −1 ). Although differences in particle size may partially explain the relatively lower TP in the nonforest streambank soils, it is most likely that the interior land uses were enriched in TP from legacy sources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stream Corridor Soil Phosphorus Availability in a Forested–Agricultural Mixed Land Use Watershed

et al. 2019

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Watershed land use affects nutrient and sediment export, particularly through streambank erosion, which can add to P export and contribute to eutrophication in downstream waterbodies. We characterized P of soils from four different land uses (32 sites) along streams in the Missisquoi River basin (Vermont, USA)—silage corn (Zea mays L.), hay meadow, emergent wetlands, and forest—and their corresponding streambanks. We measured total P (TP), pH 4.8 NH4–acetate P, degree of P saturation (DPS), and soluble P. The latter three measurements were used as predictors of potential P bioavailability. Forest soils were relatively low in TP, whereas soils in corn, hay, and wetland were elevated (>1000 mg kg−1). With the exception of forests, the TP of the corresponding streambanks of each land use was statistically significantly lower than in the interior of the land use, while still higher than those in forests, suggesting a possible influence of land use on its adjacent streambank. The pH 4.8 NH4–acetate P was low in nonagricultural land uses and all streambanks of different land uses, but higher than optimum for soils in cornfields and hayfields. The DPS averaged 36% in the cornfields, but <21% in all of the streambanks. Mean soluble P was 0.14 mg kg−1 for corn‐ and hay‐associated streambanks with a DPS <10% but was as high as 3.2 mg kg−1 in the agricultural fields. The combination of low bioavailable P measurements indicates that most streambank soils are likely low contributors to P enrichment downstream. However, the elevated TP in some agricultural streambank soils suggests an accumulation of legacy P. Core Ideas Soil P concentrations varied widely among four watershed land uses. Agriculture and wetland streambank soils had less P than adjacent land uses. Streambank soils from the four different land uses had low P release potential.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stream Corridor Soil Phosphorus Availability in a Forested–Agricultural Mixed Land Use Watershed

et al. 2019

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“…In our study, although there was a considerable range in MM‐P (range, <1 to >16 mg kg −1 ) and TP (range, 152–1536 mg kg −1 ), MMP‐Color (median, 1.1 mg kg −1 ) and MMP‐ICP (median, 3.0 mg kg −1 ) concentrations were both low, indicating low plant availability or a high need for supplemental P to achieve an economically optimum crop yield (Jokela et al, 1998; Jokela et al, 2004). Young et al (2012) also reported a wide range in riparian soil TP with low MM‐P. Ishee et al (2015) showed that central Vermont riparian sites had low average MM‐P and relatively low P saturation levels (estimated by the molar ratio of acid ammonium oxalate–extractable P to the sum of oxalate‐extractable Al and Fe) in surface and subsurface soils.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Although soil depth can be an important factor affecting TP content, particularly in agricultural soils with extensive P applications, parent material can have an overriding effect on TP concentrations in unfertilized soils. Young et al (2012) found that riparian TP varied significantly by soil textural class and reported a strong linear relationship between sand content and the ratio of oxalate‐extractable P to TP ( R 2 = 0.69) in samples from major diagnostic horizons ( n = 142). At the Rock River site, we found distinct and significant differences in average TP concentrations among the three mapped soil series, indicating a close relationship between soil genesis and TP concentrations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soil P content in unfertilized soils generally increases with decreasing particle size due to the enhanced P sorption capacity of silt and clay‐size particles (Roberts et al, 1985; Makarov et al, 2004). Young et al (2012) showed that total and labile P concentrations in riparian soils from northwestern Vermont were related to differences in texture and drainage, and a subsequent analysis showed that soil organic matter (SOM) content and soil series affected the distribution of organic and inorganic P (Young et al, 2013). In a recent study of P contribution from 76 stream bank erosion sites in northwestern Vermont, Ishee et al (2015) found that the ratio of oxalate‐extractable P to total P increased linearly with silt content when averaged by watershed.…”

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Total and Labile Phosphorus Concentrations as Influenced by Riparian Buffer Soil Properties

Young

Ross

2016

J. Environ. Qual.

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Riparian buffers can act as a phosphorus (P) source under active stream bank erosion. Using soil and landscape variables (soil series, drainage class, organic matter, and pH) to index P concentrations could improve P loss risk tools for buffers. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine if soil properties could predict total and labile P concentrations within a 10-ha riparian buffer and (ii) to quantify the degree of spatial dependence of P and related properties. Soil samples were taken in 15-cm increments to a depth of 60 cm using a grid ( = 71) from an established riparian buffer along the Rock River in Vermont. Total soil P (TP), plant-available P determined by Modified Morgan extraction (MM-P), pH, soil organic matter (SOM), soil texture, and select cations were measured. We found that TP (152-1536 mg P kg) and MM-P (0.4-14.6 mg kg) ranged widely, with distinct differences between soil series. Mean TP and MM-P were greater in alluvial and glaciolacustrine soils compared with glacial till. Across all samples, MM-P was weakly related to soil properties; however, total labile P (orthophosphate + organic P measured by ICP) and unreactive labile P (ICP-P - colorimetric-P) could both be predicted by SOM ( = 0.59 and 0.73, respectively). Strong spatial dependence was found for P and related properties as revealed by geospatial analyses. Results show that P availability in the buffer was strongly related to soil genesis and support site-specific approaches for P loss risk evaluation in buffers.

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“…This may artificially inflate the importance of root depth in the sensitivity analysis results as changes in bank height are partially incorporated. Phosphorus content has been shown to be positively correlated with the percentage of silt and clay in the soil (Agudelo et al, 2011;Bledsoe et al, 2000;Cooper and Gilliam, 1987;Palmer-Felgate et al, 2009;Young et al, 2013Young et al, , 2012; however, this complexity was not included in the analysis of phosphorus loading from bank erosion. Instead, all soil types were assumed to follow the same lognormal distribution of phosphorus concentration.…”

Section: A4 Accounting For Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainty and sensitivity in a bank stability model: implications for estimating phosphorus loading

Lammers

Bledsoe

Langendoen

2016

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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UNCERTAINTY AND SENSITIVITY IN A BANK STABILITY MODEL: IMPLICATIONS FOR ESTIMATING PHOSPHORUS LOADINGEutrophication of aquatic ecosystems is one of the most pressing water quality concerns in the U.S. and around the world. Bank erosion has been largely overlooked as a source of nutrient loading, despite field studies demonstrating that this source can account for the majority of the total phosphorus budget of a watershed. Substantial effort has been made to develop mechanistic models to predict bank erosion and instability in stream systems; however, these models do not account for inherent natural variability in input values. Providing only single output values with no quantification of associated uncertainty can complicate management decisions focused on reducing bank erosion and nutrient loading to streams. To address this issue, uncertainty and sensitivity analyses were performed on the Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model (BSTEM), a mechanistic model developed by the USDA-ARS that simulates both mass wasting (stability) and fluvial erosion of streambanks. Sensitivity analysis results indicate that variable influence on model output can vary depending on assumed input distributions.Generally, bank height, soil cohesion, and plant species were found to be most influential in determining stability of clay (cohesive) banks. In addition to these three inputs, groundwater elevation, stream stage, and bank angle were also identified as important in sand (non-cohesive) banks. Slope and bank height are the dominant variables in fluvial erosion modeling, while erodibility and critical shear stress are relatively unimportant. However, the threshold effect of critical shear stress (determining whether erosion occurs) was not explicitly accounted for, ii possibly explaining the relatively low sensitivity indices for this variable. Model output distributions of sediment and phosphorus loading rates corresponded well to ranges published in the literature, helping validate both model performance and selected ranges of input values. In addition, a probabilistic modeling approach was applied to data from a watershed-scale sediment and phosphorus loading study on the Missisquoi River, Vermont to quantify uncertainty associated with these published results. While our estimates indicated that bank erosion was likely a significant source of sediment and phosphorus to the watershed in question, the uncertainty associated with these predictions indicates that they should probably be considered order of magnitude estimates only.iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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Soil and landscape influences on native riparian phosphorus availability in three Lake Champlain Basin stream corridors

Cited by 20 publications

References 26 publications

Stream Corridor Soil Phosphorus Availability in a Forested–Agricultural Mixed Land Use Watershed

Stream Corridor Soil Phosphorus Availability in a Forested–Agricultural Mixed Land Use Watershed

Total and Labile Phosphorus Concentrations as Influenced by Riparian Buffer Soil Properties

Uncertainty and sensitivity in a bank stability model: implications for estimating phosphorus loading

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