Soil amendments to reduce cadmium in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.): A comprehensive field study in Ecuador.

Inhibition Roles of Calcium in Cadmium Uptake and Translocation in Rice: A Review

“…Compared with NO 3 fertilization, NH 4 + fertilization caused a significant enhancement of soil acidity, which was due to the proton release resulting from the absorption of NH 4 + by the plant roots. The soil acidity concurred with a significant increase in Cd uptake [14].…”

“…The application of dihydrazone (DASH), a dialdehyde starch, to Cd-contaminated soil enhanced the phytoextraction of Cd by maize [11].Therefore, amended organic materials have been utilized in controlling the bioavailability of soil Cd either by decreasing crop accumulation or by increasing the extraction of hyperaccumulators [12]. Soil pH, another key factor, has a fundamental impact on Cd mobility and bioavailability [13], mainly because of the competition between Cd and H + for adsorption sites [14]. Generally, the bioavailability of Cd is restrained when soil pH is higher than 6.5, since it leads to an increase in Cd adsorption on the negatively charged soil surface.…”

Effect of oil palm compost and sandy soil on the growth of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) seedlings

“…The use of compost of this residue represents an opportunity for large-scale waste in the oil palm industry, which can benefit small producers and nurseries dedicated to cacao crops. Also, compost can enhance biomass accumulation and reduce heavy metals such as Cd in cacao (Argüello et al, 2023;Chavez et al, 2016), which is essential regarding Table 3. Nutrient content results, expressed as mean ± standard deviation, for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn of oil palm compost (Elaeis guineensis) and sandy soil used in the experiment with cocoa seedlings.…”

Effects of Different Liming Materials on the Uptake of Cadmium and Mineral Nutrients in Cacao Plants

“…Previous research has reported that liming has a significant effect in reducing Cd uptake in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), and cacao (Theobroma cacao L.). , For instance, a meta-analysis of data from 35 studies on rice paddies found that liming decreased grain Cd concentration, with larger reductions for higher lime rates . The authors suggested that liming reduced rice Cd uptake through (i) its effect on soil Cd bioavailability and (ii) the competition of Cd 2+ and Ca 2+ for the adsorption sites on the root surface.…”

“…The authors suggested that liming reduced rice Cd uptake through (i) its effect on soil Cd bioavailability and (ii) the competition of Cd 2+ and Ca 2+ for the adsorption sites on the root surface. Even though liming is commonly recommended as an agronomic practice for reducing Cd migration to edible plants, ,− it is important to note that the impact of liming may not be uniform and can depend on the crop type, soil characteristics, and environmental conditions. Therefore, the efficacy of liming to reduce Cd migration may vary depending on the site under study and should be evaluated on a site-by-site basis .…”