Soil Acidity and its Relations to Acid Deposition

Ulrich, B.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-6983-4_10

Cited by 191 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Increased aluminum concentrations can affect the health of trees. Aluminum ions are known to be toxic to plant tissues (Hutchinson et al, 1986;Ulrich, 1983) and have been a recognized problem in the agricultural community for decades. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between sugar maple decline and corresponding chemical changes in the stem tissue

Mohamed

Pathak

Roy

et al. 1997

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Abstract. Wood cores were taken at breast height of mature sugar maple (Acer Saccharum Marsh.) trees of approximately the same age from four sites in Ontario, Canada differing in soil characteristics and general tree health. The soils of two of the sites were acidic (podzols), while the soils of the other two sites were calcareous (brunisols). Selected elemental analyses using Neutron Activation Analysis were conducted on the soils and the xylem wood of the sugar maple trees, and the results were compared relative to tree health. Aluminum in stem xylem was found to be significantly higher in declining trees (mean 7.7 ppm) relative to the healthy trees (mean 4.0) from the acidic sites, where aluminum was freely available in the soil. Soil extractable aluminum was also significantly higher in the soil adjacent to the declining trees (mean 5.10) compared to the healthy trees (mean 3.20). These results show that xylem aluminum contents reflect the increased availability of aluminum in acidifying soils and provide additional evidence that dendrochemistry may be used as a proxy environmental monitoring tool.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between sugar maple decline and corresponding chemical changes in the stem tissue

Mohamed

Pathak

Roy

et al. 1997

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…These patterns may be explained by differences in substrates properties (Ulrich, 1983;Kirk et al, 2010). These patterns may be explained by differences in substrates properties (Ulrich, 1983;Kirk et al, 2010).…”

Section: Toward a Recovery Time From Acidificationmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Even S and N contribute to acidification, acidification by N is not as direct as acidification by S, as the soil will first accumulate N before nitrification sets in (Dise & Wright, 1995;Horswill et al, 2008). The initially faster and more significant decrease on acidic and nitrogen-poor soils can be explained by their initial weak buffer capacity and higher sensitivity to nutrient cation loss following the addition of acid and N (Ulrich, 1983;Aber et al, 1998).…”

Section: Toward a Recovery Time From Acidificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a recovery time: forest herbs insight related to anthropogenic acidification

Riofrío‐Dillon

Bertrand

Gégout

2012

Global Change Biology

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Atmospheric deposition is a global concern contributing to soil acidification and biodiversity changes in forest ecosystems. Although acidifying deposition has decreased in the last decades in Europe, few evidence of ecosystem recovery from acidification has been reported until now. The objective of this study was to reconstruct spatiotemporal changes in soil pH across the entire French forest territory over the last 100-year period through herb species assemblages. Data were collected from floristic databases resulting in a total of 120 similar to 216 plots covering French forests and spanning from 1910 to 2010. To define acidity figures, pH values were inferred from herb assemblages for each plot of the prediction dataset based on a weighted averaging partial least squares (WA-PLS) model (R2 similar to=similar to 0.80, SD similar to=similar to 0.59 for the validation dataset). Spatiotemporal trends of mean pH changes were obtained by comparing plots with respect to the period (mean year of the period similar to=similar to 1933, 1966, 1984, 1997, 2007) and substrate (acidic and nonacidic forest areas). Bioindicated pH highlighted a decrease in soil pH in both acidic and nonacidic forest areas. The sharpest and most significant pH decrease occurred before 1984 in acidic areas, reaching 0.34 pH units. Subsequently, no significant changes were observed, with a tendency toward stabilization. By contrast, the pH decrease reached 0.19 pH units in nonacidic areas, only reaching significance between 1984 and 1997. Thereafter, we observed a slight and significant pH increase. Spatially, pH trends revealed a regionalized character of acidification regarding the substrate, which could not be related to the extent of deposition modeled by the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme. Both temporal and spatial trends highlight the lagged responses of nonacidic areas compared with acidic areas. Hence, floristic reconstructed pH trends demonstrate a gradual cessation and recovery from acidification of French forests after a period of intense atmospheric pollution

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“…The soil type is a Haplic Podzol (BGR, 2007) with a high moisture status. Beside several small fens at the Swedish sites, the soils are drained and quite acidic, occurring in the aluminum and iron buffer range at Siggaboda and Rehberg and the ion exchange buffer range at Rågetaåsen (Ulrich, 1983, Table 2). The amount of exchangeable base cations is limited; the higher base cation supply in the humus layer and “Ahe” horizon at Rehberg is likely due to repeated soil liming to compensate for anthropogenic acidic deposition (Table 2, Dammann and Guericke, 2002).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space sequestration below ground in old-growth spruce-beech forests—signs for facilitation?

Bolte¹,

Kampf²,

Hilbrig³

2013

Front. Plant Sci.

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Scientists are currently debating the effects of mixing tree species for the complementary resource acquisition in forest ecosystems. In four unmanaged old-growth spruce-beech forests in strict nature reserves in southern Sweden and northern Germany we assessed forest structure and fine rooting profiles and traits (≤2 mm) by fine root sampling and the analysis of fine root morphology and biomass. These studies were conducted in selected tree groups with four different interspecific competition perspectives: (1) spruce as a central tree, (2) spruce as competitor, (3) beech as a central tree, and (4) beech as competitor. Mean values of life fine root attributes like biomass (FRB), length (FRL), and root area index (RAI) were significantly lower for spruce than for beech in mixed stands. Vertical profiles of fine root attributes adjusted to one unit of basal area (BA) exhibited partial root system stratification when central beech is growing with spruce competitors. In this constellation, beech was able to raise its specific root length (SRL) and therefore soil exploration efficiency in the subsoil, while increasing root biomass partitioning into deeper soil layers. According to relative values of fine root attributes (rFRA), asymmetric below-ground competition was observed favoring beech over spruce, in particular when central beech trees are admixed with spruce competitors. We conclude that beech fine rooting is facilitated in the presence of spruce by lowering competitive pressure compared to intraspecific competition whereas the competitive pressure for spruce is increased by beech admixture. Our findings underline the need of spatially differentiated approaches to assess interspecific competition below ground. Single-tree approaches and simulations of below-ground competition are required to focus rather on microsites populated by tree specimens as the basic spatial study area.

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Soil Acidity and its Relations to Acid Deposition

Cited by 191 publications

References 8 publications

Relationship between sugar maple decline and corresponding chemical changes in the stem tissue

Relationship between sugar maple decline and corresponding chemical changes in the stem tissue

Toward a recovery time: forest herbs insight related to anthropogenic acidification

Space sequestration below ground in old-growth spruce-beech forests—signs for facilitation?

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