Soil: A Natural Sink for Carbon Monoxide

Inman, R. E.; Ingersoll, Royal B.; Levy, Elaine A.

doi:10.1126/science.172.3989.1229

Cited by 118 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…From these data it can be calculated that the ambient concentration in the atmosphere should double within 4 years [6]. The concentration, however, remains essentially constant indicating that carbon monoxide is continuously removed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon Monoxide Oxidation by Growing Cultures of Clostridium pasteurianum

Fuchs

Schnitker

Thauer

1974

European Journal of Biochemistry

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Growing cultures of Clostridiumpasteurianum were found to oxidize carbon monoxide to CO, at a maximal rate of approximately 15 nmol x min-l x mg protein-'. The dependence of the rate on the carbon monoxide concentration followed simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Half-maximal velocity was obtained with 3 pM carbon monoxide in the growth medium. The values of Vand[S],,, determined in vivo are similar to those reported for carbon monoxide oxidation with flavin nucleotides in cell-free extracts of C. pasteurianum (V = 14 nmol x min-' x mg protein-' ; [S],,, = 5 pM), indicating that in vivo and in vitro carbon monoxide is oxidized by the same system.Carbon monoxide was even removed from the medium by growing cultures of C. pasteurianum at concentrations as low as 1 nM equal to a concentration in the gas phase of approximately 1 part per million. Carbon monoxide was oxidized at a rate of 8 pmol x 1-' x h-' under these conditions. The biological significance of this finding is discussed.Cell-free extracts of NH,-grown and N,-grown Clostridium pasteurianum have been reported to catalyze the oxidation of carbon monoxide to C 0 2 under strictly anaerobic conditions. Free formate was not an intermediate. FAD, FMN, methylene blue, and viologen dyes were effective as electron acceptors, while NAD', NADPf, or oxidized ferredoxin were ineffective. Inactivation studies with cyanide and alkyl halides indicated that a vitamin B,, compound is probably involved in the catalysis of anaerobic carbon monoxide oxidation [l].The finding that cell-free extracts of C.pasteurianum catalyzed the oxidation of carbon monoxide was rather astonishing, as n o reports were available indicating that this strictly anaerobic bacterium can oxidize carbon monoxide in vivo. The physiological significance of the finding thus remained unclear.In this communication evidence is presented that carbon monoxide is oxidized to CO, by growing cultures of C.pasteurianum. The values of V and [S],,, determined in vivo are shown to be almost identical with those obtained for carbon monoxide oxidation with flavin nucleotides in cell-free extracts of the organism, indicating that in vivo and in vitro carbon monoxide is oxidized by the same system. Note. In this paper no distinctions will be made between COz, HC03 -, and CO:-.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentration, however, remains essentially constant indicating that carbon monoxide is continuously removed. Anaerobic bacteria [23 - [6,42]. Quantitative data on the participation of the different organisms in carbon monoxide oxidation are not available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Monoxide Oxidation by Growing Cultures of Clostridium pasteurianum

Fuchs

Schnitker

Thauer

1974

European Journal of Biochemistry

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“…CO is also produced during oxidation of methane and hydrocarbons, particularly during summer (Granier et al, 2000). The main sinks of CO are photooxidation and reaction with OH (Parrish et al, 1993) as well as soil uptake (Inman et al, 1971), leading to a rather short atmospheric lifetime of CO of several weeks in summer (Prather et al, 2001). Natural CO sinks and sources vary on timescales of hours to seasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of continuous anthropogenic CO2: model-based evaluation of CO2, CO, δ13C(CO2) and Δ14C(CO2) tracer methods

et al. 2015

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Abstract. We investigate different methods for estimating anthropogenic CO 2 using modeled continuous atmospheric concentrations of CO 2 alone, as well as CO 2 in combination with the surrogate tracers CO, δ 13 C(CO 2 ) and 14 C(CO 2 ). These methods are applied at three hypothetical stations representing rural, urban and polluted conditions. We find that, independent of the tracer used, an observation-based estimate of continuous anthropogenic CO 2 is not yet feasible at rural measurement sites due to the low signal-to-noise ratio of anthropogenic CO 2 estimates at such settings. The tracers δ 13 C(CO 2 ) and CO provide an accurate possibility to determine anthropogenic CO 2 continuously, only if all CO 2 sources in the catchment area are well characterized or calibrated with respect to their isotopic signature and CO to anthropogenic CO 2 ratio. We test different calibration strategies for the mean isotopic signature and CO to CO 2 ratio using precise 14 C(CO 2 ) measurements on monthly integrated as well as on grab samples. For δ 13 C(CO 2 ), a calibration with annually averaged 14 C(CO 2 ) grab samples is most promising, since integrated sampling introduces large biases into anthropogenic CO 2 estimates. For CO, these biases are smaller. The precision of continuous anthropogenic CO 2 determination using δ 13 C(CO 2 ) depends on measurement precision of δ 13 C(CO 2 ) and CO 2 , while the CO method is mainly limited by the variation in natural CO sources and sinks. At present, continuous anthropogenic CO 2 could be determined using the tracers δ 13 C(CO 2 ) and/or CO with a precision of about 30 %, a mean bias of about 10 % and without significant diurnal discrepancies. Hypothetical future measurements of continuous 14 C(CO 2 ) with a precision of 5 ‰ are promising for anthropogenic CO 2 determination (precision ca. 10-20 %) but are not yet available. The investigated tracer-based approaches open the door to improving, validating and reducing biases of highly resolved emission inventories using atmospheric observation and regional modeling.

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“…Soil CO uptake is primarily due to microbial activity (Inman et al, 1971;Conrad and Seiler, 1980;Whalen and Reeburgh, 2001) and involves more diverse metabolic pathways compared with those in COS uptake (Mörsdorf et al, 1992;King and Weber, 2007;Ogawa et al, 2013). The key environmental factors controlling CO uptake rates include soil moisture and temperature (Conrad and Seiler, 1985;King, 1999;Yonemura et al, 2000a).…”

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confidence: 99%

Soil fluxes of carbonyl sulfide (COS), carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide in a boreal forest in southern Finland

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Soil is a major contributor to the biosphereatmosphere exchange of carbonyl sulfide (COS) and carbon monoxide (CO). COS is a tracer with which to quantify terrestrial photosynthesis based on the coupled leaf uptake of COS and CO 2 , but such use requires separating soil COS flux, which is unrelated to photosynthesis, from ecosystem COS uptake. For CO, soil is a significant natural sink that influences the tropospheric CO budget. In the boreal forest, magnitudes and variabilities of soil COS and CO fluxes remain poorly understood. We measured hourly soil fluxes of COS, CO, and CO 2 over the 2015 late growing season (July to November) in a Scots pine forest in Hyytiälä, Finland. The soil acted as a net sink of COS and CO, with average uptake rates around 3 pmol m −2 s −1 for COS and 1 nmol m −2 s −1 for CO. Soil respiration showed seasonal dynamics controlled by soil temperature, peaking at around 4 µmol m −2 s −1 in late August and September and dropping to 1-2 µmol m −2 s −1 in October. In contrast, seasonal variations of COS and CO fluxes were weak and mainly driven by soil moisture changes through diffusion limitation. COS and CO fluxes did not appear to respond to temperature variation, although they both correlated well with soil respiration in specific temperature bins. However, COS : CO 2 and CO : CO 2 flux ratios increased with temperature, suggesting possible shifts in active COS-and CO-consuming microbial groups. Our results show that soil COS and CO fluxes do not have strong variations over the late growing season in this boreal forest and can be represented with the fluxes during the photosynthetically most active period. Well-characterized and relatively invariant soil COS fluxes strengthen the case for using COS as a photosynthetic tracer in boreal forests.

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Soil: A Natural Sink for Carbon Monoxide

Cited by 118 publications

References 7 publications

Carbon Monoxide Oxidation by Growing Cultures of Clostridium pasteurianum

Carbon Monoxide Oxidation by Growing Cultures of Clostridium pasteurianum

Estimation of continuous anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub>: model-based evaluation of CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, δ<sup>13</sup>C(CO<sub>2</sub>) and Δ<sup>14</sup>C(CO<sub>2</sub>) tracer methods

Soil fluxes of carbonyl sulfide (COS), carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide in a boreal forest in southern Finland

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Soil: A Natural Sink for Carbon Monoxide

Cited by 118 publications

References 7 publications

Carbon Monoxide Oxidation by Growing Cultures of Clostridium pasteurianum

Carbon Monoxide Oxidation by Growing Cultures of Clostridium pasteurianum

Estimation of continuous anthropogenic CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;: model-based evaluation of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, CO, δ&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C(CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) and Δ&lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C(CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) tracer methods

Soil fluxes of carbonyl sulfide (COS), carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide in a boreal forest in southern Finland

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Estimation of continuous anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub>: model-based evaluation of CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, δ<sup>13</sup>C(CO<sub>2</sub>) and Δ<sup>14</sup>C(CO<sub>2</sub>) tracer methods