Software Design Patterns for Persuasive Computer–Human Dialogue: Reminder, Reward, and Instant Feedback

Oduor, Michael; Alahäivälä, Tuomas; Oinas-Kukkonen, Harri

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802690-8.00003-7

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…For our ECA, we established a first PSD to avoid blackboxing [ 53 ], allowing to identify active PSD elements and replicate findings in diverse user and use areas. For our cocreation, we looked into the ECA and persuasive dialog to connect specific design elements to our PSD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Alcohol Refusal Training in Immersive Virtual Reality for Patients With Mild to Borderline Intellectual Disability and Alcohol Use Disorder: Cocreation With Experts in Addiction Care

Langener¹,

Kolkmeier²,

VanDerNagel³

et al. 2023

JMIR Form Res

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Background People with mild to borderline intellectual disability (MBID; IQ=50-85) are at risk for developing an alcohol use disorder (AUD). One factor contributing to this risk is sensitivity to peer pressure. Hence, tailored trainings are needed to practice alcohol refusal in impacted patients. Immersive virtual reality (IVR) appears promising to engage patients in dialogs with virtual humans, allowing to practice alcohol refusal realistically. However, requirements for such an IVR have not been studied for MBID/AUD. Objective This study aims to develop an IVR alcohol refusal training for patients with MBID and AUD. In this work, we cocreated our peer pressure simulation with experienced experts in addiction care. Methods We followed the Persuasive System Design (PSD) model to develop our IVR alcohol refusal training. With 5 experts from a Dutch addiction clinic for patients with MBID, we held 3 focus groups to design the virtual environment, persuasive virtual human(s), and persuasive dialog. Subsequently, we developed our initial IVR prototype and conducted another focus group to evaluate IVR and procedures for clinical usage, resulting in our final peer pressure simulation. Results Our experts described visiting a friend at home with multiple friends as the most relevant peer pressure situation in the clinical setting. Based on the identified requirements, we developed a social-housing apartment with multiple virtual friends present. Moreover, we embedded a virtual man with generic appearance to exert peer pressure using a persuasive dialog. Patients can respond to persuasive attempts by selecting (refusal) responses with varying degrees of risk for relapse in alcohol use. Our evaluation showed that experts value a realistic and interactable IVR. However, experts identified lacking persuasive design elements, such as paralanguage, for our virtual human. For clinical usage, a user-centered customization is needed to prevent adverse effects. Further, interventions should be therapist delivered to avoid try-and-error in patients with MBID. Lastly, we identified factors for immersion, as well as facilitators and barriers for IVR accessibility. Conclusions Our work establishes an initial PSD for IVR for alcohol refusal trainings in patients with MBID and AUD. With this, scholars can create comparable simulations by performing an analogous cocreation, replicate findings, and identify active PSD elements. For peer pressure, conveying emotional information in a virtual human’s voice (eg, paralanguage) seems vital. However, previous rapport building may be needed to ensure that virtual humans are perceived as cognitively capable entities. Future work should validate our PSD with patients and start developing IVR treatment protocols using interdisciplinary teams.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Alcohol Refusal Training in Immersive Virtual Reality for Patients With Mild to Borderline Intellectual Disability and Alcohol Use Disorder: Cocreation With Experts in Addiction Care

Langener¹,

Kolkmeier²,

VanDerNagel³

et al. 2023

JMIR Form Res

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“…Currently, various types of activities are being undertaken using persuasive technologies, from single actions aimed at achieving appropriate behaviors [8], ability to get needed product [16], to more advanced situations for e.g. games [17] or software dedicated for this purpose [18].…”

Section: Practical and Theoretical Implication Of Persuasive Approach Within Companies-discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Persuasive Design in Technical Solutions Supporting Safety Culture in the Production Enterprise—A Case Study

Czernecka¹,

Butlewski²,

Sławińska³

et al. 2020

dtssehs

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The aim of this article is to present technical and organizational activities to prevent dangerous behaviors on the example of the work station of the stacker. In order to implement it, an analysis of the topic literature was carried out, including the presentation of basic notions of dangerous behaviors and organizational culture. The specification of the workplace and the activities performed has also been presented. The collected data were used to conduct research to characterize employee behaviors and attitudes while crossing the chain conveyor line. It has been shown that transitions are made very often, which creates a risk of falling, resulting from, for example, hooking up the transport chain. Based on the results obtained, a technical solution to eliminate dangerous transitions was developer and proposed.

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“…Eyck et al 2006, Gram-Hansen et al 2018, Lin et al 2006, Peeters et al 2013, Purpura et al 2011, Singh & Mathew 2007, Win et al 2019. There are also software design patterns for persuasive computer-human dialogue around reminding, rewarding and feedback (Oduor et al 2017). In a recent survey of persuasive technology for health and wellness it was reported that while 72% of the 85 studies reviewed used the original conceptualization of persuasive technology by Fogg (2003), generally the studies looked at other behaviour-related or psychological outcomes beyond changing behaviour and attitudes (Orji & Moffatt 2018).…”

Section: Digital Persuasion and Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Can digital personal assistants persuade people to exercise?

Paay

Kjeldskov²,

Papachristos³

et al. 2020

Behaviour & Information Technology

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Digital personal assistants (DPAs) have recently grown in popularity because they are both a commercially available new technology and reasonably affordable to the average household. This opens opportunities for new ways to assist people in everyday activities in their homes through voice-interaction. Physical activity has significant health benefits, and yet globally, 1 in 4 adults are not active enough. To address this, we investigate the persuasive potential of DPAs in increasing people's physical activity at home. We conducted a study with 48 participants to understand the effect of applying three of Fogg's persuasive principles to the design of a DPA exercise program: Suggestion, Virtual Reward, and Praise. Our findings show that DPAs have the potential, within their current technical and reactive capabilities, to persuade people to increase their physical activity at home, using Suggestion to encourage physical effort, Virtual Reward to encourage endurance, and Praise to create reassurance for beginners. Based on this, we offer three alternate perspectives for developing persuasive DPAs. We also discuss limitations of the study and suggest future research directions around using persuasion with DPAs.

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Software Design Patterns for Persuasive Computer–Human Dialogue: Reminder, Reward, and Instant Feedback

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Development of an Alcohol Refusal Training in Immersive Virtual Reality for Patients With Mild to Borderline Intellectual Disability and Alcohol Use Disorder: Cocreation With Experts in Addiction Care

Development of an Alcohol Refusal Training in Immersive Virtual Reality for Patients With Mild to Borderline Intellectual Disability and Alcohol Use Disorder: Cocreation With Experts in Addiction Care

The Use of Persuasive Design in Technical Solutions Supporting Safety Culture in the Production Enterprise—A Case Study

Can digital personal assistants persuade people to exercise?

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