Softsensor for estimation of steam quality in riser tubes of boilers

Abstract

Steam fraction in riser tubes of boilers is a critical process variable which impacts the life of the tubes and could lead to tube rupture, long boiler down time, and expensive repairs. Unfortunately this parameter is difficult to measure by hardware sensors. This article presents a new neural network softsensor for estimation and monitoring steam mass and volume fractions in riser tubes. First, conventional data were collected from a target industrial boiler. The data are then used to develop a detailed nonlinear simulation model for the two phase flow in the riser tubes and risers and downcomers water circulation. The model output is verified against the collected field data. Next, the boiler nonlinear model is used to generate data covering a wide rage of operating conditions for training and testing the neural network. The input of the neural network includes the heating power, the steam flow rate, the water feed rate, the drum level, and the drum pressure. The neural networks predict the mass steam quality and the steam volume fractions. The softsensor achieves a root mean square error on the test data less than 1.5%. The predicted steam quality is then compared with the critical limits to guide the operators for safe and healthy operation of the boilers. The developed softsensor for estimation of the steam quality has simple structure and can be implemented easily at the operator stations or the application servers.

Sliding Mode Observer Design for decentralized multi-phase flow estimation

“…In addition to the widespread use of soft sensors for approximating multi-phase flow quantities, this method can also be used in estimating the quality of the flow, i.e. steam quality, gas and liquid volume fraction, as a process variable [19] . Santos et al [20] illustrated soft sensor combining the fast conductance sensors with appropriate computational algorithms is capable of rigorous measurement of two-phase flow states in pipeline.…”

An Online Fully-Automatic High Precision Monitoring System of Steam Dryness Based on Spectral Absorption Characteristics

“…Steam dryness is the mass of the fully gaseous steam divided by the mass of total steam. 2 Boilers do not generate 100% saturated steam (dry steam). When a steam boiler heats the water, bubbles breaking through the water surface will pull tiny water droplets in with the steam, causing the steam supply to become partially wet (wet steam) from the added liquid, affecting the quality of the steam.…”