Softlithographie

New Directions for Artificial Cells Using Prototyped Biosystems

“…The question of how rapid is rapid tends to evolve with time. It was only 20 years ago that soft lithography was widely considered to be an RP solution to microfluidic-device fabrication, and it is now considered to be the benchmark for improvement. To this end, despite the above-mentioned drawbacks, microfluidic devices can be printed in less than an hour using standard 3D-printing methods at a cost anywhere between $0.1 and $4 per chip, depending on which method is used .…”

Scanning X-ray nano-diffraction on eukaryotic cells

“…Microfluidic techniques provide an ideal tool for in situ manipulation of biological cells. However, the well-established microfluidic devices based on soft lithography [131,132], which are often used in combination with optical microscopy and are fabricated of polymers like polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), bring about the problem of showing a high X-ray absorption and a strong background signal in the small-angle region [133]. A variety of X-ray compatible microfluidic devices based on different materials and fabrication techniques has been proposed in the past as reviewed by Köster and Pfohl [38].…”

Enhancing the Dispersibility of TiO2 Nanorods and Gaining Control over Region-Selective Layer Formation

“…Controlling the layer formation of nanomaterials on a substrate is a crucial aspect for their application in most electronic devices . The Huisgen -1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, also referred to as copper-catalyzed alkyne–azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction in case of a Cu + catalyst, has been introduced by Sharpless and Meldal in 2001 and quickly became known as the prototypic Click reaction due to its simplicity. − The CuAAC reaction also shows rather remarkable substrate tolerance, and it has been quickly applied to the field of materials and surface chemistry. − For example, it has been demonstrated that the CuAAC reaction can be used to direct layered deposition of core–shell functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) that bear either an alkyne or an azide headgroup in their organic ligand shell, and accordingly functionalized self-assembled monolayer (SAM) substrates. − Recently, we reported on a method in which three different layers of core–shell NPs could be hierarchically assembled using a layer-by-layer process, controlled by the CuAAC .…”