Real-time in-situ neutron diffraction was conducted during uniaxial cycling compression of a Ni 49.3 Fe 18 Ga 27 Co 5.7 shape memory alloy to explore the mechanism on its superelasticity at room temperature, which was manifested by the almost recoverable large strains and the apparent cyclic softening. Based on the Rietveld refinements, the real-time evolution of volume fraction of martensite was in-situ monitored, indicating the incremental amount of residual martensite with increasing load cycles. Real-time changes in intensities and lattice strains of {hkl} reflections for individual phase were obtained through fitting individual peaks, which reveal the quantitative information on phase transformation kinetics as a