Soft tissue nuchal fold in the second-trimester fetus: Standards for normal measurements compared with those in Down syndrome

Benacerraf, Beryl R.; Frigoletto, Fredric D.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(87)80279-x

Cited by 88 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Gestational age was calculated from the last menstrual period and confirmed by measuring the crown-rump length (before the 12th week of gestation), or the femur length and biparietal diameter (between the 12th and 16th weeks). Depending on the fetal position, NT was measured in a transverse suboccipito-bregmatic view of the fetal head, including the soft tissue behind the occiput 14 , or in a sagittal section of the fetus 1 . Calipers were placed outer to outer between the occiput and the soft tissue.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of ductus venosus blood flow assessment in screening for chromosomal abnormalities at 10–16 weeks of gestation

Antolín

Comas

Torrents

et al. 2001

Ultrasound in Obstet & Gyne

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of ductus venosus blood flow assessment in screening for chromosomal abnormalities at 10–16 weeks of gestation

Antolín

Comas

Torrents

et al. 2001

Ultrasound in Obstet & Gyne

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“…However, in a subsequent study they observed that none of 303 normal fetuses showed nuchal thickening of greater than 5 mm up to 20 weeks. 66 Several prospective studies have since suggested that 5 mm is a better threshold, which results in improved sensitivity and only a slight increase in the false-positive rate. We have used a 5-mm cutoff for the last 10 years.…”

Section: Nuchal Thickeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sonographic markers of fetal trisomies: second trimester.

Nyberg

Souter

2001

J of Ultrasound Medicine

112

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Objective. Second-trimester sonographic findings of fetal trisomy may include structural abnormalities or sonographic markers of fetal aneuploidy. Unlike structural anomalies, sonographic markers of fetal aneuploidy are insignificant by themselves with regard to outcome, are nonspecific-most frequently seen in normal fetuses, and are often transient. Our objective was to review the secondtrimester sonographic findings of the major trisomic conditions, trisomies 13, 18, and 21. Methods. We reviewed a number of the most commonly accepted markers, including nuchal thickening, hyperechoic bowel, echogenic intracardiac focus, renal pyelectasis, shortened extremities, mild cerebral ventricular dilatation, and choroid plexus cysts. Markers associated with trisomy 21 were emphasized. Results. The sensitivity of sonography for detection of fetal trisomic conditions varies with the type of chromosome abnormality, gestational age at the time of sonography, reasons for referral, criteria for positive sonographic findings, and the quality of the sonography. As an estimate, 1 or more sonographic findings can be identified in approximately 90% of fetuses with trisomy 13, 80% of fetuses with trisomy 18, and 50% to 70% of fetuses with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). Conclusions. The presence or absence of sonographic markers can substantially modify the risk of fetal Down syndrome and is the basis of the so-called genetic sonogram. Because maternal biochemical and sonographic markers are largely independent, combined risk estimates will result in even higher detection rates than either alone.

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“…1 • 2 The extra skin folds that are commonly seen in the newborn may well be represented by the nuchal fold which has been described in the Iiterature. 3 Similarly, their short stature has been related to an overall shortened femur length and their relative brachycephaly to a mildly abnormal cephalic index. 4 Another characteristic of these neonates and children is a widely separated great toe.…”

Section: Isabelle Wilkins MDmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of the great toe in fetuses with Down syndrome.

Wilkins¹

1994

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine

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Soft tissue nuchal fold in the second-trimester fetus: Standards for normal measurements compared with those in Down syndrome

Cited by 88 publications

References 4 publications

The role of ductus venosus blood flow assessment in screening for chromosomal abnormalities at 10–16 weeks of gestation

The role of ductus venosus blood flow assessment in screening for chromosomal abnormalities at 10–16 weeks of gestation

Sonographic markers of fetal trisomies: second trimester.

Separation of the great toe in fetuses with Down syndrome.

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