Soft Tissue Damage in Patients With Hemifacial Microsomia

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of the damage to soft tissues on the affected side in patients with hemifacial microsomia (HFM). Materials and methods: Nine patients with HFM were included in this study and underwent computed tomography (CT) examination in the craniofacial area. The axial and coronal CT images were used for evaluating the damage to related soft tissues. Results: The results showed that the masseter muscle, temporal muscle, pterygoid muscles, and parotid gland were damaged on the affected side in all 9 patients with HFM. However, the extent of the damage to the pterygoid muscles was less than that to the masseter muscle, temporal muscle, and parotid gland. Conclusions: These findings indirectly support the crucial role of hemorrhage in the development of HFM, and the extent of damage to soft tissues may depend on the distance and barrier effect of the mandible between the hemorrhage and the affected tissues.

Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum: new genes and literature review on a complex disease

“…HFM is the result of a unilateral asymmetry of the mandibula and the superior maxillary bone; it is the most common congenital disorder of the face after cleft lip and palate. Some studies suggest that soft tissue of the hemiface is also asymmetric, with temporal, masseter and pterygoid muscle being thinner in the affected side 117. For some authors, salivary glands are also involved to explain this asymmetry; about 80% of patients presented an abnormal parotid gland ipsilateral to hypoplastic hemiface 118.…”

Three-dimensional measurements on the mandible of patients with hemifacial microsomia

“…As the second most common congenital facial deformity after cleft lip and palate, the crude incidence rate is about 1/3500 to 1/5600 of total live births [3] . This malformation involves multiple anatomic locations and various levels of severity [8] . The most frequent and also the most complicated bone deformity among this group of patients is a mandibular deformity.…”

“…[ 3 ] This malformation involves multiple anatomic locations and various levels of severity. [ 8 ] The most frequent and also the most complicated bone deformity among this group of patients is a mandibular deformity. Therefore, the treatment for mandibular deformity is the foundation of the clinical management of HFM.…”

Orthognathic Surgery in Goldenhar Syndrome With a Rare Course of the IAN

“…There is a wide spectrum of anomalies associated with Goldenhar Syndrome, but the overarching manifestation is the development of hemifacial microsomia. 13 Individuals who develop hemifacial microsomia present with facial asymmetry (20% being severe) 14 and ipsilateral hypoplasia of the muscles of mastication 15 and the underlying bony structures. 16 Unilateral hypoplasia, or in severe cases aplasia, of the condyle and ramus unit can lead to a decrease in vertical height of the lower facial third, mandibular asymmetry, and a maxillomandibular cant.…”