Soft template-based bismuth doped zinc oxide nanocomposites for photocatalytic depolymerization of lignin

Kausar, Samia; Altaf, Ataf Ali; Hamayun, Muhammad; Danish, Muhammad; Zubair, Muhammad; Naz, Sumbal; Muhammad, Shabbir; Zaheer, Muhammad; Ullah, Shafiq; Badshah, Amin

doi:10.1016/j.ica.2019.119390

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Lignin was extracted from wood powder through the literature-reported organosolv acid treatment [ 68 , 69 ] reported in our recent study [ 70 ]. Lead chloride, HCl, and iso-propyl amine were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Photocatalytic depolymerization of the lignin was done according to our recently reported photocatalytic activity under sunlight [ 70 ] modifying the light source in current studies. Lignin was extracted from the wood powder of Oryza sativa through the organosolv acid treatment method discussed in detail in our recent work about lignin depolymerization [ 70 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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i-Propylammonium Lead Chloride Based Perovskite Photocatalysts for Depolymerization of Lignin Under UV Light

et al. 2020

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Lignin depolymerization for the purpose of synthesizing aromatic molecules is a growing focus of research to find alternative energy sources. In current studies, the photocatalytic depolymerization of lignin has been investigated by two new iso-propylamine-based lead chloride perovskite nanomaterials (SK9 and SK10), synthesized by the facile hydrothermal method. Characterization was done by Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), UV-Visible (UV-Vis), Photoluminescence (PL), and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and was used for the photocatalytic depolymerization of lignin under UV light. Lignin depolymerization was monitored by taking absorption spectra and catalytic paths studied by applying kinetic models. The %depolymerization was calculated for factors such as catalyst dose variation, initial concentration of lignin, and varying temperatures. Pseudo-second order was the best suited kinetic model, exhibiting a mechanism for lignin depolymerization that was chemically rate controlled. The activation energy (Ea) for the depolymerization reaction was found to be 15 kJ/mol, which is remarkably less than conventional depolymerization of the lignin, i.e., 59.75 kJ/mol, exhibiting significant catalytic efficiencies of synthesized perovskites. Products of lignin depolymerization obtained after photocatalytic activity at room temperature (20 °C) and at 90 °C were characterized by GC-MS analysis, indicating an increase in catalytic lignin depolymerization structural subunits into small monomeric functionalities at higher temperatures. Specifically, 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (39%), benzene (17%), phenol (10%) and catechol (7%) were detected by GC-MS analysis of lignin depolymerization products.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

i-Propylammonium Lead Chloride Based Perovskite Photocatalysts for Depolymerization of Lignin Under UV Light

et al. 2020

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“…For instance, 95% depolymerization in dioxane in 60–90 min was achieved with soft-template Zn 0.95 Bi 0.05 O nanocomposites obtaining various products, such as phenol (21%), 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (16%), syringaldehyde, sinapyl alcohol, phthalates, and 4-hydroxy-benzoic acid. 65 …”

Section: Operating and Developing Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, 95% depolymerization in dioxane in 60−90 min was achieved with soft-template Zn 0.95 Bi 0.05 O nanocomposites obtaining various products, such as phenol (21%), 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (16%), syringaldehyde, sinapyl alcohol, phthalates, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. 65 Recent results demonstrate both biomass processing and CO 2 reduction combined in a single system using a cobalt(II) terpyridine catalyst immobilized on titanium dioxide. Carbon dioxide was reduced to CO, and pretreated cellulose was converted to formate with syngas: HCO 2 H ratio close to 1 and up to 39% yield based on cellulose.…”

Section: Advantages and Limitations Of Photocatalysis Under Outdoor S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Development of Photocatalytic Processes for Synthesis of Fuels and Organic Compounds under Outdoor Solar Light

et al. 2022

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With photovoltaics becoming a mature, commercially feasible technology, society is willing to allocate resources for developing and deploying new technologies based on using solar light. Analysis of projects supported by the European Commission in the past decade indicates exponential growth of funding to photocatalytic (PC) and photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) technologies that aim either at technology readiness levels (TRLs) TRL 1–3 or TRL > 3, with more than 75 Mio€ allocated from the year 2019 onward. This review provides a summary of PC and PEC processes for the synthesis of bulk commodities such as solvents and fuels, as well as chemicals for niche applications. An overview of photoreactors for photocatalysis on a larger scale is provided. The review rounds off with the summary of reactions performed at lab scale under natural outdoor solar light to illustrate conceptual opportunities offered by solar-driven chemistry beyond the reduction of CO 2 and water splitting. The authors offer their vision of the impact of this area of research on society and the economy.

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“…Photocatalytic alizarin red (AR) dye degradation was conducted according to previous reports [19,39,40] with some modifications. A 200 ppm solution of AR dye was prepared in water.…”

Section: Photocatalytic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Removal of Alizarin Red Using Chromium Manganese Oxide Nanorods: Degradation and Kinetic Studies

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Dye removal through photocatalytic degradation employing nanomaterials as catalysts is a growing research area. In current studies, photocatalytic alizarin red (AR) dye degradation has been investigated by designing a series of Cr based manganese oxide nanomaterials (MH1–MH5). Synthesized nanomaterials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive x-ray, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, and photoluminescence techniques and were utilized for photocatalytic AR dye degradation under UV light. AR dye degradation was monitored by UV–visible spectroscopy and percent degradation was studied for the effect of time, catalyst dose, different dye concentrations, and different pH values of dye solution. All the catalysts have shown more than 80% dye degradation exhibiting good catalytic efficiencies for dye removal. The catalytic pathway was analyzed by applying the kinetic model. A pseudo second-order model was found the best fitted kinetic model indicating a chemically-rate controlled mechanism. Values of constant R2 for all the factors studied were close to unity depicting a good correlation between experimental data.

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Soft template-based bismuth doped zinc oxide nanocomposites for photocatalytic depolymerization of lignin

Cited by 24 publications

References 51 publications

i-Propylammonium Lead Chloride Based Perovskite Photocatalysts for Depolymerization of Lignin Under UV Light

i-Propylammonium Lead Chloride Based Perovskite Photocatalysts for Depolymerization of Lignin Under UV Light

Progress in Development of Photocatalytic Processes for Synthesis of Fuels and Organic Compounds under Outdoor Solar Light

Catalytic Removal of Alizarin Red Using Chromium Manganese Oxide Nanorods: Degradation and Kinetic Studies

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