“…The development of artificial neural network algorithms has been hot in recent years, and this approach is also widely used in soft sensor modeling. For example, artificial neural network (NN) and support vector regression (SVR), which are used extensively as baseline methods; , deep belief networks (DBN), which build a joint probability distribution between data and labels; , autoencoder networks (AE), which use input data for supervision to guide the network in learning mapping relationships; − ,, long- and short-term memory networks (LSTM), which can “remember” and can be applied to time series; ,− and convolutional neural networks (CNN), which is based on visual principles and pays more attention to local features. − For soft sensor modeling, neural networks extract useful features from many easily accessible auxiliary variables and then build a model between the key variables and the extracted features for prediction.…”