Soft-sediment deformation from submarine sliding: Favourable conditions and triggering mechanisms in examples from the Eocene Sobrarbe delta (Ainsa, Spanish Pyrenees) and the mid-Cretaceous Ayabacas Formation (Andes of Peru)

Odonne, Francis; Callot, Pierre; Debroas, Elie-Jean; Sempéré, Thierry; Hoareau, Guilhem; Maillard, Agnès

doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2010.09.013

Cited by 52 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The apparent incorporation and rotation of sandstone slabs into the finer matrix is quite similar to what is seen in mass-transport complexes worldwide and interpreted as debris flows or slumps (e.g., Odonne et al, 2011). Although outcrop with good stratigraphic control is limited to this location, we interpret the deformed unit as a debris-flow unit possibly representing the first sandy input into the basin after establishment of comparatively deep-marine conditions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Turbidite and conglomerate successions in an Ordovician back-arc basin, Mid-Norwegian Caledonides: a result of long-term staging followed by catastrophic release of sediments

Henriksen¹,

Roberts²,

Pedersen³

2018

NJG

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The Ordovician metasedimentary rocks in the Caledonian nappes in Mid Norway were deposited in a back-arc setting, following ophiolite obduction, uplift and erosion, related to continental uplift and changing directions of subduction during this period. Deep-water conditions were established in the basin and this accommodated a thick succession of variously coarse-grained, conglomeratic and argillaceous sediments. The conglomerates typically display the well-rounded clast material of variable igneous, volcanic, sedimentary and carbonate origin and alternate between being clast-supported and matrix-supported with interbedded sandstone beds. The rounded clasts suggest significant reworking and long-term storage of sediments in the source area before transport into the deeper part of the basin. The basal surface of conglomerates always shows an erosive contact with underlying shales or coarsening-upward sandstone successions. The basal surfaces probably represent sedimentary fairways, where several conglomerate units separated by erosional contacts are stacked on top of each other. The conglomerate successions likely result from episodic release of large quantities of sediments. Between each burst of release, sediments accumulated in alluvial fans, fan deltas and fluvial delta systems along the basin shoreline and carbonate reefs established on the outer shelf. Laterally accreting channel sandstone beds were probably important in setting up sedimentary fairways for the succeeding conglomerates. In the inferred deepest part of the basin, smaller channellised features and thin-bedded turbidites seem to dominate. Channel features and hummocky cross-stratification in shelf to upper slope sandstone beds are alternatively interpreted to result from unidirectional flows and constitute an integral part of the turbidite system. By including all the observed facies within the turbidite system we invoke a depositional model which does not require a eustacy-driven sequence-stratigraphic model for explanation. We rather suggest a tectonic model involving an elevated source area, either volcanic or continental, where erosional products are stored and reworked in the alluvial accommodation zone. These sediments are built up to a threshold level and flushed to the sea by a sudden availability of large amounts of water. The actual cause of this sudden availability of water remains uncertain, but the consequent mixture of water and sediments resulted in a super-concentrated high-energy density current. Turbidite and conglomerate successions in an Ordovician back-arc basin, Mid-Norwegian Caledonides: a result of long-term staging followed by catastrophic release of sediments IntroductionThe Caledonides of central Norway are especially well known for their fragmented ophiolite assemblages and, in some areas, the overlying, richly fossiliferous, Ordovician to inferred Early Silurian, low-grade metasedimentary rocks (Bergström, 1979(Bergström, , 1997Bruton & Bockelie, 1980;Ryan et al., 1980;Neuman & Bruton, 1989;Neuman et al., 1997). The...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Turbidite and conglomerate successions in an Ordovician back-arc basin, Mid-Norwegian Caledonides: a result of long-term staging followed by catastrophic release of sediments

Henriksen¹,

Roberts²,

Pedersen³

2018

NJG

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“…Plastic deformation features are represented by increasing fold vergence and internal strata disruption the higher the remobilization distance and shear intensity [Alves and Lourenço, 2010;Odonne et al, 2011]. Faulting is also observed at multiple scales, either derived from the initial failure or developed/enhanced with remobilization [Alves and Lourenço, 2010;Lucente and Pini, 2003;Odonne et al, 2011]. Increased complexity is often observed at the block base in the interface with the basal shear surfaces.…”

Section: Halokinetic Structures As Triggers Of Slope Instabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This, associated with overpressure along the basal shear zone, favors the formation of clastic injectites propagating upwards either through the heterogeneous MTD matrix or tensile fractures in the block base [Alves and Lourenço, 2010;Butler and McCaffrey, 2010;Callot et al, 2008]. Clastic injectites are particularly important for smaller scale fluid flow within failed strata as they form good fluid conduits which can have higher permeability than their source beds [Odonne et al, 2011]. Furthermore, fractures propagating on top of the blocks can also be filled by postfailure permeable clastic material [Odonne et al, 2011].…”

Section: Can Blocks Form Preferential Fluid Flow Paths?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clastic injectites are particularly important for smaller scale fluid flow within failed strata as they form good fluid conduits which can have higher permeability than their source beds [Odonne et al, 2011]. Furthermore, fractures propagating on top of the blocks can also be filled by postfailure permeable clastic material [Odonne et al, 2011]. The presence of sand either as a primary block component or derived from fracture filling favors the formation of permeable paths through the block strata, which can be enhanced or hindered due to variable styles of block deformation.…”

Section: Can Blocks Form Preferential Fluid Flow Paths?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution and characterization of failed (mega)blocks along salt ridges, southeast Brazil: Implications for vertical fluid flow on continental margins

2011

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[1] Three-dimensional seismic data are used to assess the control of halokinetic structures on the distribution of blocks in a mass transport deposit in the Espírito Santo Basin, southeast Brazil. In contrast to what is commonly observed over growing salt structures, the thickness of the MTD-A1 is larger on top of a northwest trending salt ridge. Emphasis was given to the statistical analysis of 172 remnant and rafted blocks identified within Eocene mass transport deposits (MTD-A1). Three styles of block deformation are identified and scale relationships between the geometry of blocks and their relative position on the salt ridge are presented. Average block height reaches 130 m. Average block area reaches 0.43 km 2 , while 11.3% of the total area (A) investigated is covered by blocks (5% < A < 17%). On the basis of variations in block geometry (height, area, width/length ratio, orientation) and their relative distribution, we interpret that most failed strata have been remobilized by adjacent topography created during growth of the investigated salt ridge. We show that the origin of the blocks is linked to densely spaced sets of halokinetic-related faults that deformed the prefailure strata. The presence of underlying faults and blocks of remnant and rafted strata potentially induces sharp variations in the internal permeability of MTD-A1. Thus, the interpreted data shows that megablocks in MTDs can constitute viable fluid pathways on otherwise low-permeability units. This character can significantly decrease seal competence above and on the flanks of halokinetic structures.Citation: Gamboa, D., T. Alves, and J. Cartwright (2011), Distribution and characterization of failed (mega)blocks along salt ridges, southeast Brazil: Implications for vertical fluid flow on continental margins,

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“…The general organization tends toward overturning with a coherent orientation (e.g., Odonne et al, 2011;Alsop and Marco, 2011). The term "slumped beds" is avoided because of its interpretative sense.…”

Section: Nomenclaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Syn-eruptive, soft-sediment deformation of deposits from dilute pyroclastic density current: triggers from granular shear, dynamic pore pressure, ballistic impacts and shock waves

Douillet¹,

Taisne

Tsang-Hin-Sun

et al. 2015

Solid Earth

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Soft-sediment deformation from submarine sliding: Favourable conditions and triggering mechanisms in examples from the Eocene Sobrarbe delta (Ainsa, Spanish Pyrenees) and the mid-Cretaceous Ayabacas Formation (Andes of Peru)

Cited by 52 publications

References 53 publications

Turbidite and conglomerate successions in an Ordovician back-arc basin, Mid-Norwegian Caledonides: a result of long-term staging followed by catastrophic release of sediments

Turbidite and conglomerate successions in an Ordovician back-arc basin, Mid-Norwegian Caledonides: a result of long-term staging followed by catastrophic release of sediments

Distribution and characterization of failed (mega)blocks along salt ridges, southeast Brazil: Implications for vertical fluid flow on continental margins

Syn-eruptive, soft-sediment deformation of deposits from dilute pyroclastic density current: triggers from granular shear, dynamic pore pressure, ballistic impacts and shock waves

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