Soft rot <i>Erwinia</i> bacteria in surface and underground waters in southern Scotland and in Colorado, United States

McCarter‐Zorner, Nancy J.; Franc, G. D.; Harrison, M. D.; Michaud, Janet E.; Quinn, C. E.; Sells, I. Ann; Graham, D. C.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1984.tb02361.x

Cited by 59 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Dickeya chrysanthemi (formerly Erwinia chrysanthemi) is thought to be a part of the indigenous microorganisms on weeds and in sediments in alpine streams in Australia (Cother and Gilbert, 1990). Numerous studies illustrated that Pectobacterium carotovorum (formerly E. carotovora) is present in a wide range of surface and underground waters including those used in irrigation (McCarter-Zorner et al, 1984;Harrison et al, 1987). Franc (1988) further revealed that this bacterium was present in at least 80% of samples of ocean water and rainwater collected on the west coast of the United States and in samples of aerosols along the coast.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The life history of the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae is linked to the water cycle

et al. 2008

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Pseudomonas syringae is a plant pathogen well known for its capacity to grow epiphytically on diverse plants and for its ice-nucleation activity. The ensemble of its known biology and ecology led us to postulate that this bacterium is also present in non-agricultural habitats, particularly those associated with water. Here, we report the abundance of P. syringae in rain, snow, alpine streams and lakes and in wild plants, in addition to the previously reported abundance in epilithic biofilms. Each of these substrates harbored strains that corresponded to P. syringae in terms of biochemical traits, pathogenicity and pathogenicity-related factors and that were ice-nucleation active. Phylogenetic comparisons of sequences of four housekeeping genes of the non-agricultural strains with strains of P. syringae from disease epidemics confirmed their identity as P. syringae. Moreover, strains belonging to the same clonal lineage were isolated from snow, irrigation water and a diseased crop plant. Our data suggest that the different substrates harboring P. syringae modify the structure of the associated populations. Here, we propose a comprehensive life cycle for P. syringae-in agricultural and non-agricultural habitats-driven by the environmental cycle of water. This cycle opens the opportunity to evaluate the importance of non-agricultural habitats in the evolution of a plant pathogen and the emergence of virulence. The ice-nucleation activity of all strains from snow, unlike from other substrates, strongly suggests that P. syringae plays an active role in the water cycle as an ice nucleus in clouds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The life history of the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae is linked to the water cycle

et al. 2008

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“…Ralstonia solanacearum was reported to persist in surface water in portions of Florida (13) and Egypt (5). Species of Erwinia causing soft rot of potato were discovered in surface and below-ground waters in both Colorado and Scotland (2,18). Species of Xanthomonas (6) and Pseudomonas (19) were isolated from surface waters as well.…”

Section: Irrigation Of Tomato Plants (Lycopersicon Lycopersicum)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Pesticides on the Reduction of Plant and Human Pathogenic Bacteria in Application Water

Mahovic

Rideout

2013

Journal of Food Protection

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Overhead spray applications of in-field tomato treatments dissolved in aqueous solutions have specific pest targets (fungal, bacterial, insect, or other). Any organism present in the solution or on treated plant surfaces that is not a specific target of the application is unlikely inactivated and can instead be spread through the phyllosphere. In this laboratory study, commercially labeled pesticides (including Actigard 50WG, Bravo Weather Stik 6F, Cabrio 20EG, Kasumin, Kocide 3000 46WG, Oxidate 27L, Penncozeb 75DF, ProPhyt 54.5L, Stimplex 100L, Firewall, 22.4WP, and Tanos 50DF) in common use in commercial tomato production fields of the Eastern Shore of Virginia were investigated for activity against in vitro bacterial contamination of pesticide application waters. Pesticides of interest were tank mixed individually with one of the plant pathogens Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, or one of two serovars (Newport and Montevideo) of the human pathogen Salmonella enterica to assess reduction values during the average time between mixing and initial application. Observations suggested that while some treatments had a noticeable effect on population levels, only the oxidizer, peroxyacetic acid, showed significant and consistent levels of suppression against all bacteria investigated, at levels that could have practical implications.

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“…SRE were recovered from approximately 60% of all water samples collected. McCarter-Zorner et al (1984) found that Eee was generally present in water in southern Scotland and Colorado, U.S. in mountainous, upland, and arable areas throughout the year, even in sites remote from potato fields. However, not all SGs from soil, tuber, and water were associated with stem infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Cother (1979) found that the soil-borne population appeared to be more important than the seed tuber population in initiating seed tuber rotting in soil in New South Wales, Australia. More recently, water samples obtained from drains, ditches, streams, rivers, and lakes in southern Scotland and in Colorado, U.S. have been found to contain E. carotovora and it has been hypothesised that water may also be an inoculum source (McCarter-Zorner et al 1984). Other sources that have been implicated include the rhizosphere of susceptible and non-susceptible plants (McCarterZorner et al 1982), aerosols (Graham & Harrison 1975) and insects carrying the pathogen (Harrison et al 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sero-groups ofErwinia carotovoraassociated with water, soil, tuber, and stems of potato plants in Western Australia

Peltzer

Sivasithamparam

1988

New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture

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Soft-rot erwinias were isolated from irrigation water, soil, tubers, and stems from spring (1986) and summer (1987) crops of potato at a field in Manjimup, Western Australia. Most of the isolates from all environments in both seasons belonged to Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora (Ecc), with the exception of those from stems of the summer crop which were predominantly (68%) Erwinia carotovora pv. atroseptica (Eca) and belonged to sero-group SGI. In spring, SGm was recorded from all environments tested, while SGI was found only in stems and tubers. SGVI was recorded from stems (8%) and soil (15%) only in summer and in water (6.4%) only in spring. In spring, SGV, which was the predominant (28.2%) sero-group isolated from stems, was also found in water, soil, and tubers. In summer, of the SGs isolated from stems, SGm occurred in soil and tubers and SGVI in soil. Although SGXXIX was the most common in water in both seasons, it was isolated from stems only in summer. In a pathogenicity test, representative isolates of all serogroups isolated from stems, caused lesions on stems. Significant proportions of isolates from all environment in both seasons belonged to none of the known sero-groups.

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Soft rot Erwinia bacteria in surface and underground waters in southern Scotland and in Colorado, United States

Cited by 59 publications

References 17 publications

The life history of the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae is linked to the water cycle

The life history of the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae is linked to the water cycle

Effects of Pesticides on the Reduction of Plant and Human Pathogenic Bacteria in Application Water

Sero-groups ofErwinia carotovoraassociated with water, soil, tuber, and stems of potato plants in Western Australia

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